Prevalence of Typhoid Fever among Different Socio-Demographic Groups in District Bahawalnagar, Pakistan

Prevalence of Typhoid Fever

Authors

  • Abir Ishtiaq Department of Zoology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalnagar Campus, Bahawalnagar, Pakistan
  • Sidra Khalil Department of Zoology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalnagar Campus, Bahawalnagar, Pakistan
  • Samina Khalil School of Chemistry, University of The Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
  • Farhan Ahmed CMH Multan Institute of Medical Sciences, Multan, Pakistan
  • Bilal Ahmad Department of Zoology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalnagar Campus, Bahawalnagar, Pakistan
  • Abdul Ghaffar Department of Zoology, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
  • Muhammad Khalid Department of Zoology, Govt Graduate Millat College Multan, Punjab, Pakistan
  • Sheikh Muhammad Azam Department of Zoology, Division of Science and Technology, University of Education Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
  • Muhammad Imran Department of Statistics, Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan, Punjab Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i11.1063

Keywords:

Prevalence, Salmonella typhi, Socio-demography, Typhoid fever, Water sources

Abstract

Typhoid is an infectious disease caused by a bacterium Salmonella typhi and this bacterium spreads so fast in non-hygienic conditions. This disease is abundantly found in areas where hygienic conditions are poor. Objective: The objective of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of typhoid among different socio-demographic groups and gender from the populace of different tehsils of district Bahawalnagar (Pakistan). Methods: The blood samples of suspected patients were collected from the suspected patients belonging various tehsils of Bahawalnagar (Pakistan) during April to July, 2022. Diagnostic test IgG/IgM was performed using test kit. A questionnaire was also used to collect information from all the suspects with questions related to age, gender, month, socioeconomic status, area, source of water for drinking purpose, and source of food. Results: Results showed 66.39% positive cases for S. typhi from a total of 360 suspected patients with apparent symptoms of typhoid fever belonged to various regions of district Bahawalnagar (Pakistan). Significant difference was found in gender-based data, showing significantly (p<0.05) higher occurrence of typhoid fever in females (51.46%) than males (48.54%). Population consuming homemade food was significantly (p<0.05) most affected with the S. typhi. Conclusions: Higher prevalence of typhoid fever was recorded in the females of district Bahawalnagar (Pakistan). An alarming percentage (54.07%) of positive cases for typhoid fever among the populace was also found, consuming water from the local water-filtration-plants of the studied region.

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Published

2023-11-30
CITATION
DOI: 10.54393/pjhs.v4i11.1063
Published: 2023-11-30

How to Cite

Ishtiaq, A., Khalil, S., Khalil, S., Ahmed, F., Ahmad, B., Ghaffar, A., Khalid, M., Azam, S. M., & Imran, M. (2023). Prevalence of Typhoid Fever among Different Socio-Demographic Groups in District Bahawalnagar, Pakistan: Prevalence of Typhoid Fever. Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences, 4(11), 138–143. https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i11.1063

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