Association Between Suicidal Attempts in Connection to Discrimination Among Trans Genders
suicidal attempts in connection to discrimination among trans genders
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v3i04.123Keywords:
Suicidal attempt, Transgender discrimination, Depression, Middle-income countries.Abstract
Suicide has become a serious public health challenge across the world with around 800,000 people dying by suicide each year. Amongst these a majority of the people (79%) belongs to low and middle-income countries. Objective: The study aimed to identify the association between suicidal attempts in connection to discrimination among transgender. Methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted. Data were collected from a registered NGO (Gender Interactive Alliance) from February to May, 2020, using a universal and purposive sampling technique. Data was analyzed on SPSS (version 21.0). Mean and standard deviation was calculated for frequency distribution, while Chi-square was used for categorical variables. Results: Overall, 250 transgender were approached through a registered NGO. The mean age of participants was 32.34 years with a standard deviation of 7.86 years. From this, 88.4% were males and 11.6% were females as identified by their birth certificates. The current sex/gender the participants identified as 81.6% Males and 18.4% Females. Half of the participants were homeless while 33.6% were living in a shelter. The suicidal attempt was identified in 62.9% of Males, 13.5% of Females, and 23.6% of trans genders, as identified by their N.I. Cs (p-value X2 0.012). Based on monthly income, 36% of the participants who made monthly income between 21000 to 30000 PKR, reported suicidal attempts with a significant p-value of X2 0.034. Conclusions: This study found an association between discrimination and suicidal attempt among a transgender population
References
Jacob L, Oh H, Koyanagi A, Smith L, Kostev K. Relationship between physical conditions and attempted or completed suicide in more than 9,300 individuals from the United Kingdom: a case-control study. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2020 Sep; 274:457-463. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.05.121.
Wiepjes CM, den Heijer M, Bremmer MA, Nota NM, de Blok CJM, Coumou BJG, et al. Trends in suicide death risk in transgender people: results from the Amsterdam Cohort of Gender Dysphoria study (1972-2017). Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica. 2020 Jun; 141(6):486-491. doi: 10.1111/acps.13164.
Mak J, Shires DA, Zhang Q, Prieto LR, Ahmedani BK, Kattari L, et al. Suicide Attempts Among a Cohort of Transgender and Gender Diverse People. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2020 Oct; 59(4):570-577. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2020.03.026.
Liu RT and Mustanski B. Suicidal ideation and self-harm in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2012 Mar; 42(3):221-8. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2011.10.023.
Maguen S and Shipherd JC. Suicide risk among transgender individuals. Psychology & Sexuality. 2010 Mar; 1(1):34-43.
Suen YT, Chan RCH, Wong EMY. Mental Health of Transgender People in Hong Kong: A Community-Driven, Large-Scale Quantitative Study Documenting Demographics and Correlates of Quality of Life and Suicidality. Journal of Homosexuality. 2018; 65(8):1093-1113. doi: 10.1080/00918369.2017.1368772.
Causin Ph D GF and McCarthy Ph D T. Event planner sensitivity to the needs of individuals with visual disability at meetings and events. Journal of Human Services: Training, Research, and Practice. 2017; 2(2):3.
Tebbe EA and Moradi B. Suicide risk in trans populations: An application of minority stress theory. Journal of Counseling Psychology. 2016 Oct; 63(5):520-533. doi: 10.1037/cou0000152.
Barboza GE, Dominguez S, Chance E. Physical victimization, gender identity and suicide risk among transgender men and women. Preventive Medicine Reports. 2016 Aug; 4:385-90. doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2016.08.003.
Tanis J. The power of 41%: A glimpse into the life of a statistic. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry. 2016; 86(4):373-7. doi: 10.1037/ort0000200.
Clements-Nolle K, Marx R, Katz M. Attempted suicide among transgender persons: The influence of gender-based discrimination and victimization. Journal of Homosexuality. 2006; 51(3):53-69. doi: 10.1300/J082v51n03_04.
Shah HBU, Rashid F, Atif I, Hydrie MZ, Fawad MWB, Muzaffar HZ, et al. Challenges faced by marginalized communities such as transgenders in Pakistan. Pan Africian Medical Journal. 2018 Jun; 30:96. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2018.30.96.12818.
Chen R, Zhu X, Wright L, Drescher J, Gao Y, Wu L, et al. Suicidal ideation and attempted suicide amongst Chinese transgender persons: National population study. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2019 Feb; 245:1126-1134. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.12.011.
Polit DF and Beck CT. Essentials of nursing research: Appraising evidence for nursing practice. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2010.
Herman JL, Brown TN, Haas AP. Suicide thoughts and attempts among transgender adults: Findings from the 2015 US Transgender Survey.
Haas AP, Rodgers PL, Herman JL. Suicide attempts among transgender and gender non-conforming adults. work. 2014 Jan; 50:59.
Budhwani H, Hearld KR, Milner AN, McGlaughlin E, Charow R, Rodriguez-Lauzurique RM, et al. Transgender Women's Drug Use in the Dominican Republic. Transgender Health. 2017 Oct; 2(1):188-194. doi: 10.1089/trgh.2017.0032.
Lombardi EL, Wilchins RA, Priesing D, Malouf D. Gender violence: transgender experiences with violence and discrimination. Journal of Homosexuality. 2001; 42(1):89-101. doi: 10.1300/j082v42n01_05.
Abramovich A, Lam JSH, Chowdhury M. A transgender refugee woman experiencing posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and homelessness. CMAJ. 2020 Jan; 192(1): E9-E11. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.190974.
Hsu HT, Fulginiti A, Petering R, Barman-Adhikari A, Maria DS, Shelton J, et al. Firearm Violence Exposure and Suicidal Ideation Among Young Adults Experiencing Homelessness. Journal of Adolescent Health. 2020 Aug; 67(2):286-289. doi: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2020.02.018.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open-access journal and all the published articles / items are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. For comments