Frequency of Hearing Impairment in School-Going Children of District Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan
Frequency of Hearing Impairment
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v5i07.1619Keywords:
Hearing Impairment, Audiometer, Neonatal Icterus, Otitis MediaAbstract
Hearing impairment is prevalent disability in the general population; early intervention facilitates proper development. Without hearing rehabilitation, hearing impairment can cause detrimental effects on speech, language, developmental, educational and cognitive outcomes in children. Objective: This study aimed to document the frequency of hearing impairment in school-aged children of District Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in school-going children to find out the frequency of hearing loss of district Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan. The study was conducted from July 2023 to December 2023. The hearing threshold was assessed by a Type 2 audiometer (Manufactured by, Interacoustics A/S, Denmark). Hearing impairment was defined as ≥ 20 dB Hearing level. The results of hearing levels were independently documented in left and right ears, better and worse ears. The data obtained were analyzed on SPSS version 26.0. Statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results: In this study, 1520 school-aged children were recruited. The mean age was 9.56 ± 1.56 years and most of the children were between 8 to 12 (85.7%) years. The frequency of hearing impairment was found 1.97%, and no age difference was found among participants. A positive relationship of neonatal icterus, and otitis media was found in participants. Conclusions: In this study, hearing loss was found in 1.97% of the population. It is suggested that the screening of children for hearing impairment is compulsory for diagnosis and treatment.
References
Orji A, Kamenov K, Dirac M, Davis A, Chadha S, Vos T. Global and regional needs, unmet needs and access to hearing aids. International Journal of Audiology. 2020 Mar; 59(3): 166-72. doi: 10.1080/14992027.2020.1721577. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14992027.2020.1721577
Achwoka D, Waruru A, Chen TH, Masamaro K, Ngugi E, Kimani M et al. Noncommunicable disease burden among HIV patients in care: a national retrospective longitudinal analysis of HIV-treatment outcomes in Kenya, 2003-2013. BioMed Central Public Health. 2019 Dec; 19: 1-0. doi: 10.1186/s12889-019-6716-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6716-2
Prasad BK and Nayak SV. Study of effect of smoking on auditory acuity. Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development. 2013; 4(4): 162-7. doi: 10.5958/j.0976-5506.4.4.165. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5958/j.0976-5506.4.4.165
Cole EB and Flexer C. Children with hearing loss: Developing listening and talking, birth to six. 4th Edition Plural Publishing. 2020.
Jalali MM, Nezamdoust F, Ramezani H, Pastadast M. Prevalence of hearing loss among school-age children in the north of Iran. Iranian Journal of Otorhinolaryngology. 2020 Mar; 32(109): 85-92. doi: 10.22038/ijorl.2019.36090.2191.
Mumtaz N, Saqulain G, Babur MN. Hearing impairment and its impact on children and parents in Pakistan. Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 2023; 29(1): 33-9. doi: 10.26719/emhj.23.012. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26719/emhj.23.012
Bowl MR and Dawson SJ. Age-related hearing loss. Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine. 2019 Aug; 9(8): a033217. doi: 10.1101/cshperspect.a033217. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1101/cshperspect.a033217
Hoffman HJ, Dobie RA, Losonczy KG, Themann CL, Flamme GA. Declining prevalence of hearing loss in US adults aged 20 to 69 years. Journal of the American Medical Association Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery. 2017 Mar; 143(3): 274-85. doi: 10.1001/jamaoto.2016.3527. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaoto.2016.3527
Lash BN and Helme DW. Managing hearing loss stigma: Experiences of and responses to stigmatizing attitudes & behaviors. Southern Communication Journal. 2020 Oct; 85(5): 302-15. doi: 10.1080/1041794X.2020.1820562. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/1041794X.2020.1820562
Nordvik Ø, Heggdal PO, Brännström KJ, Aarstad AK, Aarstad HJ. Importance of personality and coping expectancy on patient-reported hearing disability, quality of life and distress level: a study of patients referred to an audiology service. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes. 2021 Jun; 19(1): 168. doi: 10.1186/s12955-021-01802-z. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-021-01802-z
Shaikh SA, Memon SF, Laghari ZA, Bhatti MA, Shah H, Nizamani GS. Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Blood Pressure and Hearing Level of Male Adults of Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan. Journal of Liaquat University of Medical & Health Sciences. 2020 Apr; 19(01): 33-6.
De Sousa KC, Smits C, Moore DR, Chada S, Myburgh H, Swanepoel DW. Global use and outcomes of the hearWHO mHealth hearing test. Digital health. 2022 Jul; 8: 20552076221113204. doi: 10.1177/20552076221113204. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/20552076221113204
Davis AC and Hoffman HJ. Hearing loss: rising prevalence and impact. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2019 Oct; 97(10): 646. doi: 10.2471/BLT.19.224683. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.19.224683
Hussain T, Alghasham AA, Raza M. Prevalence of hearing impairment in school children. International Journal of Health Sciences. 2011 Jul; 5(2): 46-8.
Maharjan M, Phuyal S, Shrestha M. Prevalence of hearing loss in school aged Nepalese children. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology. 2021 Apr; 143: 110658. doi: 10.1016/j.ijporl.2021.110658. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2021.110658
Intakorn P, Sonsuwan N, Noknu S, Moungthong G, Pirçon JY, Liu Y et al. Haemophilus influenzae type b as an important cause of culture-positive acute otitis media in young children in Thailand: a tympanocentesis-based, multi-center, cross-sectional study. BioMed Central Pediatrics. 2014 Dec; 14: 1-9. doi: 10.1186/1471-2431-14-157. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-14-157
Kumar S, Aramani A, Mathew M, Bhat M, Rao VV. Prevalence of hearing impairment amongst school going children in the rural field practice area of the institution. Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery. 2019 Nov; 71: 1567-71. doi: 10.1007/s12070-019-01651-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12070-019-01651-9
Luo Y, He P, Wen X, Gong R, Hu X, Zheng X. Otitis media and its association with hearing loss in Chinese adults: a population based study of 4 provinces in China. Frontiers in Public Health. 2022 May; 10: 852556. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.852556. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.852556
Fitzpatrick EM, McCurdy L, Whittingham J, Rourke R, Nassrallah F, Grandpierre V et al. Hearing loss prevalence and hearing health among school-aged children in the Canadian Arctic. International Journal of Audiology. 2021 Jul; 60(7): 521-31. doi: 10.1080/14992027.2020.1731616. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14992027.2020.1731616
Youngs R. Preventing hearing loss. Community Ear & Hearing Health. 2021 Dec; 18(22): 1-. doi: 10.56920/cehh.19. DOI: https://doi.org/10.56920/cehh.19
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open-access journal and all the published articles / items are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. For comments