Microbiological assessment of raw milk available in the metropolitan city of Sindh, Karachi - Pakistan
Microbiological Assessment of Raw Milk
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v3i06.288Keywords:
Milk, Microbiological, Quality, Safety, AssessmentAbstract
Currently, milk quality is judge on its health and hygienic parameters equally as its composition. Raw milk is a rich medium for the growth and proliferation of different pathogenic microorganisms such food-safety hazard may incorporate into the dairy chain, not only affect its safety and quality but also cause various milk borne diseases. Objective: To evaluate the microbiological assessment of raw milk accessible in Karachi with the intention to develop risk tracking strategies and its mitigation plan in future. Methods: Total 270 raw milk samples were collected from different sites throughout the dairy supply chains in each district of the city. Microbiological assessment of raw milk was carried out by following the bacteriological analytical manual (BAM, FDA) protocol. Results: The raw milk safety and quality at the dairy farms were satisfied, except raw milk storage tanks samples. The bacterial count boosted in almost all the samples collected during its transportation, higher aerobic and pathogenic load was observed in the retail shop’s samples however, maximum counts were noticed in the selling point milk samples. None of the milk samples contained other pathogens like Listeria or Salmonella. Conclusions: The milk quality of the supply chain, retail shops and storage tanks at dairy farms were un-satisfied based on different microbiological parameters.
References
Verraes C, Vlaemynck G, Van Weyenberg S, De Zutter L, Daube G, Sindic M, et al. A review of the microbiological hazards of dairy products made from raw milk. International Dairy Journal. 2015 Nov; 50: 32-44. doi: 10.1016/j.idairyj.2015.05.011
Haque ZF, Sabuj AA, Mahmud MM, Pondit A, Islam MA, Saha S. Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus from milk and dairy products sold in some local markets of Mymensingh district of Bangladesh. J Nutr. 2018; 8(6): 1000743. doi: 10.4172/2155-9600.1000743
Dai J, Wu S, Huang J, Wu Q, Zhang F, Zhang J, et al. Prevalence and characterization of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from pasteurized milk in China. Frontiers in microbiology. 2019 Apr; 10: 641. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.00641
Oliver SP, Jayarao BM, Almeida RA. Foodborne pathogens in milk and the dairy farm environment: food safety and public health implications. Foodbourne Pathogens & Disease. 2005 Jun; 2(2): 115-29. doi: 10.1089/fpd.2005.2.115
Ekici K, Bozkurt H, Isleyici O. Isolation of some pathogens from raw milk of different milch animals. Pakistan Journal of nutrition. 2004; 3(3): 161-2.
Qamar A, Ismail T, Akhtar S. Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Salmonella spp. in South Punjab-Pakistan. Plos one. 2020 Nov; 15(11): e0232382. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232382
Wanjala WN, Nduko JM, Mwende MC. Coliforms contamination and hygienic status of milk chain in emerging economies. Journal of food quality and hazards control. 2018 Mar 10; 5(1): 3-10. doi: 10.29252/jfqhc.5.1.3
Meyer-Broseta S, Diot A, Bastian S, Rivière J, Cerf O. Estimation of low bacterial concentration: Listeria monocytogenes in raw milk. International Journal of Food Microbiology. 2003 Jan; 80(1): 1-5. doi: 10.1016/S0168-1605(02)00117-4
Ruegg PL. Practical food safety interventions for dairy production. Journal of dairy science. 2003 Jun; 86:E1-9. doi: 10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)74034-X
Jan T, Yadav KC, Borude S. Study of HACCP implementation in milk processing plant at Khyber Agro Pvt. Ltd in Jammu & Kashmir. J Food Process Technol. 2016; 7(610): 2. doi: 10.4172/2157-7110.1000610
Ishaq AR, Manzoor M, Hussain A, Altaf J, Javed Z, Afzal I, et al. Prospect of microbial food borne diseases in Pakistan: a review. Brazilian Journal of Biology. 2021 Jan; 81: 940-53. doi: 10.1590/1519-6984.232466
Akhtar S. Food safety challenges—a Pakistan's perspective. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition. 2015 Jan; 55(2): 219-26. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2011.650801
Azad T, Ahmed S. Common milk adulteration and their detection techniques. International Journal of Food Contamination. 2016 Dec; 3(1): 1-9. doi: 10.1186/s40550-016-0045-3
Quintana ÁR, Seseña S, Garzón A, Arias R. Factors affecting levels of airborne bacteria in dairy farms: A review. Animals. 2020 Mar; 10(3): 526. doi: 10.3390/ani10030526
Muhammad K, Altaf I, Hanif A, Anjum AA, Tipu MY. Monitoring of hygienic status of raw milk marketed in Lahore City, Pakistan. The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences. 2009 Jan; 19(2): 74-7.
Angulo FJ, LeJeune JT, Rajala-Schultz PJ. Unpasteurized milk: a continued public health threat. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2009 Jan; 48(1): 93-100. doi: 10.1086/595007
Shah T, Shah QA, Shah JM, Arain MA, Saeed M, Siyal FA, et al. Microbiological quality of raw milk and associated health risk in the Hyderabad region of Pakistan. International Journal of Food and Nutrition. Saf. 2016; 7(2) :61-77.
Mubarack HM, Doss A, Dhanabalan R, Balachander S. Microbial quality of raw milk samples collected from different villages of Coimbatore District, Tamilnadu, South India. Indian Journal of Science and Technology. 2010 Jan; 3(1): 61-3.
Lubote R, Shahada F, Matemu A. Prevalence of Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli in raw milk value chain in Arusha, Tanzania. American Journal of Research Communication. 2014; 2(9): 1-13.
Kamana O, Jacxsens L, Kimonyo A, Uyttendaele M. A survey on hygienic practices and their impact on the microbiological quality and safety in the Rwandan milk and dairy chain. International Journal of Dairy Technology. 2017 Feb; 70(1): 52-67. doi: 10.1111/1471-0307.12322
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open-access journal and all the published articles / items are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. For comments
