Impact of Malocclusion on children studying in Government High Schools in Mardan: Impact of Malocclusion on Children

Noor ul Ain  Qazi; Hafsa  Gul; Syed Wasif  Ali Shah; Muhammad  Salman Khan; Uzma  Afridi; Nazish  Falak

doi:10.54393/pjhs.v4i01.462

Authors

Noor ul Ain Qazi Diagnostic Dental Clinic, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Hafsa Gul Avicena Dental College, Lahore, Pakistan
Syed Wasif Ali Shah KMU Institute of Dental Sciences, Kohat, Pakistan
Muhammad Salman Khan KMU Institute of Dental Sciences, Kohat, Pakistan
Uzma Afridi Health Department, Khyber Agency, Pakistan
Nazish Falak Sardar Begum Dental College, Peshawar, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i01.462

Keywords:

OASIS (Oral Aesthetic Subjective Impact Scale), QoL (Quality of Life), Mardan

Abstract

The facial looks have an impact on self-esteem and emotional well-being, playing an important role in social interactions. Changing in these functions will therefore affect the standard of living of children. Objective: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effect of malocclusion on psychological well-being on school going children using the OASIS aged between 13-17 years attending government high schools in Mardan District. Methods: This was a Descriptive Cross-Sectional Survey conducted at the government schools of Mardan. It was carried out within a period of six month from December, 2021 till May 2022 after consent from Institutional Review Board (IRB) of Bacha Khan Medical College, Mardan vide No. 39/2021/ERB. The sample was chosen using a random cluster sampling technique with probability related to size. The design effect was taken into account as the cluster sampling approach was applied, and a sample size of 850 was achieved. (600 boys and 250 girl participants were involved respectively from government high schools). Results: A total of 850 subjects were included in the study of which there were 600 (70%) males and 250 (30%) were females. The age range was 13-17 years with a mean age 15 years +1.37 (S.D) years. Conclusions: Angle’s malocclusion was established in 73.1% of the subjects. The least affected psychologically was normal occlusion with (100%) good psychological well-being followed by Angle’s class I malocclusion having good psychological well-being (76.8%).

References

Baskaradoss JK, Geevarghese A, Alsaadi W, Alemam H, Alghaihab A, Almutairi AS, et al. The impact of malocclusion on the oral health related quality of life of 11–14-year-old children. BMC Pediatrics. 2022 Dec; 22(1): 1-6. doi: 10.1186/s12887-022-03127-2.

Chongthanavanit P, Luppanapornlarp S, Mamani NC, Sirisoontorn I. A Systematic Review of the Impact of Malocclusion on the Quality of Life among Young Adults. Journal of International Dental and Medical Research. 2022 Jan; 15(1): 358-64.

Chen M, Feng ZC, Liu X, Li ZM, Cai B, Wang DW. Impact of malocclusion on oral health–related quality of life in young adults. The Angle Orthodontist. 2015 Nov; 85(6): 986-91. doi: 10.2319/101714-743.1.

Gassem AA, Aldweesh AH, Alsagob EI, Alanazi AM, Hafiz AM, Aljohani RS, Kurdi YE, Hammad OA. Psychosocial Impact of Malocclusion and Self-Perceived Orthodontic Treatment Need among Young Adult Dental Patients. European Journal of Dentistry. 2022 Sep; 1-7. doi: 10.1055/s-0042-1753452.

Mohammed HM. Impact of malocclusion on smiling features (Doctoral dissertation, University of Otago). 2022. Available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10523/13686.

Paulo DM, de Oliveira MN, de Andrade Vieira W, Flores-Mir C, Pithon MM, Bittencourt MA, et al. Impact of malocclusion on bullying in school children and adolescents: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Children and Youth Services Review. 2022 Aug; 142: 106636. doi: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2022.106636.

Ahmed A, Yousaf U, Shah MU, Amin G, Ikram AM, Siddique SN, et al. Psychological Impact of Malocclusion among Teenagers. Pakistan Journal of Medical Health Sciences. 2021 Dec; 15(12): 4015-17. doi: 10.53350/pjmhs2115124015.

Chen Y, Li T, Xu Y, Xing J, Jiang W, Yin X, Zhang H, August M, Klein KP, Zhang T. Oral health-related quality of life between Chinese and American orthodontic patients: A two-center cross-sectional study. Chinese Journal of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. 2022 Nov; 4(4): 171-7. doi: 10.1016/j.cjprs.2022.11.001.

Krishnamurthy S, ShIvamurthy PG, SAGARKAR R, SABRISH S, BHADURI N. Quality of Life Before and After Orthodontic Treatment in Adult Patients with Malocclusion: A Quasi-experimental Study. Journal of Clinical & Diagnostic Research. 2022 Nov; 16(11): 5-8. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2022/56888.17054.

Zheng H, Shi Q, Du W, Lin F. The Psychosocial Impact of Dental Esthetics in Undergraduates with Borderline Malocclusion. Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine. 2022 Mar; 2022: 2399323. doi: 10.1155/2022/2399323.

Al-Bitar ZB, Hamdan AM, Al-Omari IK, Naini FB, Gill DS, Al-Omiri MK. Is self-harm among orthodontic patients related to dislike of dentofacial features and oral health-related quality of life? The Angle Orthodontist. 2022 Mar; 92(2): 240-6. doi: 10.2319/060421-448.1.

Pithon MM, Marañón-Vásquez GA, da Silva LP, da Silva Coqueiro R, Dos Santos RL, Tanaka OM, et al. Effect of treatment of transverse maxillary deficiency using rapid palatal expansion on oral health-related quality of life in children: A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics. 2022 Feb; 161(2): 172-81. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2021.08.015.

Syed Mohamed AM, Wei TZ, Sean CJ, Rosli TI. Comparison of the malocclusion and orthodontic treatment needs of Down syndrome and non‐syndromic subjects by using the dental aesthetics index. Special Care in Dentistry. 2022 Oct; 1-7. doi: 10.1111/scd.12790.

Corradi-Dias L, Paiva SM, Drummond AF, de Arruda JA, de Menezes LF, Abreu LG. Longitudinal assessment of the impact of orthodontic treatment on adolescents’ quality of life: a comparison between boys and girls using a condition specific questionnaire. Acta Odontológica Latinoamericana. 2022 Sep; 35(2): 125-33. doi: 10.54589/aol.35/2/125.

Nahusona DR, Syarif RD, Panggalo N. Impact of maloclusion on quality of life in adolescent: a literature review. Makassar Dental Journal. 2022 Apr; 11(1): 29-33. doi: 10.35856/mdj.v11i1.504.

Afzal A, Ahmed I, Vohra F. Frequency of malocclusion in a sample taken from Karachi population. Annals of Abbasi Shaheed Hospital Karachi Medical Dental College. 2004 Jan; 9(2): 588-91.

Gunatissa C, Pathirage S, Ratnayaka N. The prevalence of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need among 15-year-old school children in Galle district in Sri Lanka: An epidemiological study. APOS Trends in Orthodontics. 2016 Sep; 6(5): 256. doi: 10.4103/2321-1407.190739.

Borzabadi-Farahani A, Borzabadi-Farahani A, Eslamipour F. Malocclusion and occlusal traits in an urban Iranian population. An epidemiological study of 11-to 14-year-old children. The European Journal of Orthodontics. 2009 Oct; 31(5): 477-84. doi: 10.1093/ejo/cjp031.

Asiry MA. Occlusal status among 12–16 year-old school children in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Journal of international oral health: JIOH. 2015 May; 7(5): 20.

Marimuthu S, Mani G, Muralidoss H. Prevalence of Posterior Cross Bite in Children Visiting a University Hospital in Chennai-A Retrospective Study. Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology. 2020 Oct; 14(4): 5777-85.

Bugaighis I and Karanth D. The prevalence of malocclusion in urban Libyan schoolchildren. Journal of Orthodontic Science. 2013 Jan; 2(1): 1. doi: 10.4103/2278-0203.110325.

Alhaija ES, Al-Khateeb SN, Al-Nimri KS. Prevalence of malocclusion in 13-15 year-old North Jordanian school children. Community Dental Health. 2005 Dec; 22(4): 266.

Arabiun H, Mirzaye M, Dehghani-Nazhvani A, Ajami S, Faridi S, Bahrpeima F. The prevalence of malocclusion among 14-18 years old students in Shiraz. Journal of Oral Health and Oral Epidemiology. 2014 Jun; 3(1): 8-11.

Mtaya M, Brudvik P, Åstrøm AN. Prevalence of malocclusion and its associated factors among pre-schoolchildren in Kinondoni and Temeke Districts, Tanzania. Tanzania Journal of Health Research. 2017 Apr; 19(2): 1-9. doi: 10.4314/thrb.v19i2.7.