Frequency of Self-Acceptance Level and Depression in Association with Death Anxiety Among Patients Suffering from Hepatitis C
Depression in Association with Death Anxiety
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i06.900Keywords:
Self-Acceptance, Death Anxiety, Depression, Hepatitis CAbstract
Considering psychological factors in Hepatitis C patients is essential for providing comprehensive care that addresses both their physical and mental well-being. Objective: To investigate level of self-acceptance and depression in association with death anxiety among patients suffering from HCV. Methods: Present research was a cross-sectional design based on quantitative methodology. Sample entails 92 participants, selected through snowball sampling technique recruited as per the convenience of the researcher. Three constructs were measured by the application of three scales. For the measurement of self-acceptance (LSA), death anxiety (DAQ) and Hamilton depression scale (HRDS), standardized scales with self-administered demographic sheets were used. For the analysis of the data both descriptive and inferential statistics were used. Results: Findings revealed that a positive correlation exists among underlying constructs in the study. Value of correlation depicts that a moderate positive correlation subsists between death anxiety and depression (=230, p<0.01). Moreover, negative relationship exists among LSA, death anxiety (= -420, p<0.01) and depression (= -431, p<0.01). Conclusions: Conclusively, it is stated that level of self-acceptance acts as a mediator in depression and death anxiety. Adequate level of self-acceptance leads to the decline in death anxiety and depression. It can be predicted that patients with high level of self-acceptance are less prone to depression and death anxiety.
References
World Health Organization. Hepatitis C fact sheet. [Last Cited: 18th Jul 2023]. Available at: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/hepatitis-c.
World Health Organization. Pakistan tackles high rates of hepatitis from many angles. [ Last Cited: 11th Jul 2021]. Available at: http://www.who.int/features/2017/fighting-hepatitis-Pakistan/en/.
Faccioli J, Nardelli S, Gioia S, Riggio O, Ridola L. Neurological and psychiatric effects of hepatitis C virus infection. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 2021 Aug; 27(29): 4846. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i29.4846.
Saleem U, Aslam N, Siddique R, Iqbal S, Manan M. Hepatitis C virus: Its prevalence, risk factors and genotype distribution in Pakistan. European Journal of Inflammation. 2022 Nov; 20: 1721727X221144391. doi: 10.1177/1721727X221144391.
Umer M and Iqbal M. Hepatitis C virus prevalence and genotype distribution in Pakistan: Comprehensive review of recent data. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 2016 Jan; 22(4): 1684. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i4.1684.
Jiwani N and Gul RB. A silent storm: hepatitis C in Pakistan. Journal of Pioneering Medical Sciences. 2011 Oct; 1(3): 89.
Ahmed J, Farooqbutt N, Rathore R, Iqbal A, Mehmood H, Waseem T. Prevalence of Depression in patients of Chronic Hepatitis B & C Presenting to Mayo Hospital Lahore. Pakistan Journal of Medical & Health Sciences. 2017 Apr; 11(2): 690-4.
Rousseau CM, Nduati RW, Richardson BA, Steele MS, John-Stewart GC, Mbori-Ngacha DA, et al. Longitudinal analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 RNA in breast milk and of its relationship to infant infection and maternal disease. The Journal of Infectious Diseases. 2003 Mar; 187(5): 741-7. doi: 10.1086/374273.
Mateu-Gelabert P, Sabounchi NS, Guarino H, Ciervo C, Joseph K, Eckhardt BJ, et al. Hepatitis C virus risk among young people who inject drugs. Frontiers in Public Health. 2022 Jul; 10: 835836. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.835836.
Technau KG, Kuhn L, Coovadia A, Murnane PM, Sherman G. Xpert HIV-1 point-of-care test for neonatal diagnosis of HIV in the birth testing programme of a maternity hospital: a field evaluation study. Lancet HIV. 2017 Oct; 4(10): e442-8. doi: 10.1016/S2352-3018(17)30097-8.
Bladowska J, Zimny A, Knysz B, Małyszczak K, Kołtowska A, Szewczyk P, et al. Evaluation of early cerebral metabolic, perfusion and microstructural changes in HCV-positive patients: a pilot study. Journal of Hepatology. 2013 Oct; 59(4): 651-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2013.05.008.
Yarlott L, Heald E, Forton D. Hepatitis C virus infection, and neurological and psychiatric disorders–A review. Journal of Advanced Research. 2017 Mar; 8(2): 139-48. doi: 10.1016/j.jare.2016.09.005.
Harris M, Guy D, Picchio CA, White TM, Rhodes T, Lazarus JV. Conceptualising hepatitis C stigma: A thematic synthesis of qualitative research. International Journal of Drug Policy. 2021 Oct; 96: 103320. doi: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2021.103320.
Abbas S, Tabbasm T, Abbas S, Bibi K. Social stigma self-acceptance against HCV patients in Sialkot Pakistan. Journal of Pakistan Society of Internal Medicine. 2021 Dec; 2(4): 323-6.
Kusnanto H, Agustian D, Hilmanto D. Biopsychosocial model of illnesses in primary care: A hermeneutic literature review. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. 2018 May; 7(3): 497. doi: 10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_145_17.
Rosenthal L, London B, Levy SR, Lobel M. The roles of perceived identity compatibility and social support for women in a single-sex STEM program at a co-educational university. Sex Roles. 2011 Nov; 65(9-10): 725-36. doi: 10.1007/s11199-011-9945-0.
Mateu-Gelabert P, Sabounchi NS, Guarino H, Ciervo C, Joseph K, Eckhardt BJ, et al. Hepatitis C virus risk among young people who inject drugs. Frontiers in Public Health. 2022 Jul;10: 835836. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.835836.
Monaco S, Mariotto S, Ferrari S, Calabrese M, Zanusso G, Gajofatto A, et al. Hepatitis C virus-associated neurocognitive and neuropsychiatric disorders: Advances in 2015. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 2015 Nov; 21(42): 11974. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i42.11974.
Engel GL. The need for a new medical model: a challenge for biomedicine. Science. 1977 Apr; 196(4286): 129-36. doi: 10.1126/science.847460.
Yıldırım D and Kocatepe V. Evaluating death anxiety and death depression levels among patients with acute myocardial infarction. Omega. 2023 Mar; 86(4): 1402-14. doi: 10.1177/00302228211009773.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open-access journal and all the published articles / items are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. For comments