Frequency of Vitamin D Deficiency in Patients with Bacterial Vaginosis during First Trimester of Pregnancy
Vitamin D Deficiency in Patients with Bacterial Vaginosis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i10.1055Keywords:
Bacterial Vaginosis, Vitamin D, First Trimester, PregnancyAbstract
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is an infection mainly results due to overabundance of germs. Because it affects a variety of immune system functions, it is crucial for BV. In order to timely assess, rationalize prospectively, and manage patients to combat vitamin D deficiency in bacterial vaginosis, this study planned to conduct on patients with bacterial vaginosis in relation to vitamin D deficiency, evaluate the magnitude, and generate local data. Objective: To determine the frequency of vitamin D deficiency in patients with bacterial vaginosis during first trimester of pregnancy. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Gynecology and Obstetrics department of Shaikh Zaid Women Hospital, SMBBMU Larkana from 10-September-2018 to 10-march-2019. A total of 192 pregnant women of first trimester with bacterial vaginosis were selected for this study. All the pregnant ladies with bacterial vaginosis were recruited and entered in the study and was screened for vitamin D deficiency. The data were collected on prepared proforma. Results: The age range from 25 to 35 years with a mean of 29.8±6.5 years, with mean gestational age of 8.09 ±2.29 weeks. Frequency of vitamin D deficiency was 47.4% in women with bacterial vaginosis in their first trimester. Conclusions: Findings of our study suggest association between vitamin D insufficiencies with BV during first trimester of pregnancy.
References
Dars S, Malik S, Samreen I, Kazi RA. Maternal morbidity and perinatal outcome in preterm premature rupture of membranes before 37 weeks gestation. Pakistan journal of Medical Sciences. 2014 May; 30(3): 626. doi: 10.12669/pjms.303.4853. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.303.4853
Taheri M, Baheiraei A, Foroushani AR, Nikmanesh B, Modarres M. Treatment of vitamin D deficiency is an effective method in the elimination of asymptomatic bacterial vaginosis: A placebo-controlled randomized clinical trial. The Indian Journal of Medical Research. 2015 Jun; 141(6): 799–806. doi: 10.4103/0971-5916.160707. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/0971-5916.160707
Nejad VM and Shafaie S. The association of bacterial vaginosis and preterm labor. Journal-Pakistan Medical Association. 2008 Mar; 58(3): 104-6.
Mouy R, Fischer A, Vilmer E, Seger R, Griscelli C. Incidence, severity, and prevention of infections in chronic granulomatous disease. The Journal of Pediatrics. 1989 Apr; 114(4): 555-60. doi: 10.1016/S0022-3476(89)80693-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-3476(89)80693-6
Nugent RP, Krohn MA, Hillier SL. Reliability of diagnosing bacterial vaginosis is improved by a standardized method of gram stain interpretation. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 1991 Feb; 29(2): 297-301. doi: 10.1128/jcm.29.2.297-301.1991. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1128/jcm.29.2.297-301.1991
Shaikh S, Shaikhm SA, Zia B. Bacterial Vaginosis; Frequency of asymptomatic pregnant women. The Professional Medical Journal. 2013 Feb; 20(02): 214-9. doi: 10.29309/TPMJ/2013.20.02.687. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29309/TPMJ/2013.20.02.687
Garba DJ, Zabaze SS, Vem Tabitha S, James G, Makshwar K. Microbiological diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis in pregnant women in a 96 resource limited setting in north central Nigeria. American Journal of Life Sciences. 2014 Aug; 2(6): 356. doi: 10.11648/j.ajls.20140206.15. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ajls.20140206.15
Allsworth JE and Peipert JF. Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis: 2001–2004 national health and nutrition examination survey data. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2007 Jan; 109(1): 114-20. doi: 10.1097/01.AOG.0000247627.84791.91. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/01.AOG.0000247627.84791.91
Cristiano L, Rampello S, Noris C, Valota V. Bacterial vaginosis: prevalence in an Italian population of asymptomatic pregnant women and diagnostic aspects. European Journal of Epidemiology. 1996 Aug; 12: 383-90. doi: 10.1007/BF00145302. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00145302
Fredricks DN, Fiedler TL, Marrazzo JM. Molecular identification of bacteria associated with bacterial vaginosis. New England Journal of Medicine. 2005 Nov; 353(18): 1899-911. doi: 10.1056/NEJMoa043802. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa043802
Bhat G and Kotigadde S. The Significance of the Secretory Immunoglogulin A to Gardnerella vaginalis in the Pathogenesis and Diagnosis of Bacterial Vaginosis. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2011; 5(4): 752-4.
Gravett MG, Hummel D, Eschenbach DA, Holmes KK. Preterm labor associated with subclinical amniotic fluid infection and with bacterial vaginosis. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 1986 Feb; 67(2): 229-37. doi: 10.1097/00006250-198602000-00013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1097/00006250-198602000-00013
Baker AM, Haeri S, Camargo Jr CA, Espinola JA, Stuebe AM. A nested case-control study of midgestation vitamin D deficiency and risk of severe preeclampsia. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2010 Nov; 95(11): 5105-9. doi: 10.1210/jc.2010-0996. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1210/jc.2010-0996
Adorini L. Intervention in autoimmunity: the potential of vitamin D receptor agonists. Cellular Immunology. 2005 Feb; 233(2): 115-24. doi: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2005.04.013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cellimm.2005.04.013
Dunlop AL, Taylor RN, Tangpricha V, Fortunato S, Menon R. Maternal vitamin D, folate, and polyunsaturated fatty acid status and bacterial vaginosis during pregnancy. Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2011 Oct; 2011: 216217. doi: 10.1155/2011/216217. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/216217
Harvey NC, Holroyd C, Ntani G, Javaid K, Cooper P, Moon R, et al. Vitamin D supplementation in pregnancy: a systematic review. Health Technology Assessment (Winchester, England). 2014 Jul; 18(45): 1-90. doi: 10.3310/hta18450. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3310/hta18450
Bodnar LM, Simhan HN, Powers RW, Frank MP, Cooperstein E, Roberts JM. High prevalence of vitamin D insufficiency in black and white pregnant women residing in the northern United States and their neonates. The Journal of Nutrition. 2007 Feb; 137(2): 447-452. doi: 10.1093/jn/137.2.447. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/jn/137.2.447
Dunlop AL, Jordan SL, Ferranti EP, Hill CC, Patel S, Hao L, et al. Total and free 25-hydroxy-vitamin D and bacterial vaginosis in pregnant African American Women. Infectious Diseases in Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2019 Jan; 2019: 9426795. doi: 10.1155/2019/9426795. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/9426795
Kazemi A, Sharifi F, Jafari N, Mousavinasab N. High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency among pregnant women and their newborns in an Iranian population. Journal of Women's Health. 2009 Jun; 18(6): 835-9. doi: 10.1089/jwh.2008.0954. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1089/jwh.2008.0954
Hensel KJ, Randis TM, Gelber SE, Ratner AJ. Pregnancy-specific association of vitamin D deficiency and bacterial vaginosis. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2011 Jan; 204(1): 41-e1. doi: 10.1016/j.ajog.2010.08.013. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2010.08.013
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open-access journal and all the published articles / items are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. For comments