Evaluation of Dyslipidaemia in Patients with Chronic Viral Hepatitis in a Lower Socio-Economic Country
Dyslipidaemia in Chronic Viral Hepatitis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v5i05.1493Keywords:
Dyslipidaemia, Chronic Hepatitis, Body Mass Index, Lipid Profile, Cardiovascular IllnessAbstract
Patients having chronic viral hepatitis do have disturbances in their serum lipid profiles, still the monitoring of dyslipidemia is not a routine part of management in low socio economic countries. Objective: To investigate the status of lipid profile among patients with chronic hepatitis and compare them with non-infected individuals. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Karachi, from 5th September 2022 to 31st May 2023. Patients with chronic hepatitis B and C, diagnosed within two years with a body mass index (BMI) of 25-29.9 kg/m2 were included. Their comparison was done with non-infected individuals of the same BMI. All patients were evaluated with different parameters of lipid profile along with haemoglobin, alanine aminotransferase, albumin and international normalized ratio. Results: Among 521 participants of the study, the grouping was almost equal. The age range was 12-75 years, with an increased number of females in each group. In comparing the different statuses of lipid profile, each parameter including cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, all were significantly much less in patients with chronic viral hepatitis as compared to controls with a p-value of 0.000 in all. Conclusions: It was concluded that Dyslipidaemia is not common among chronic viral hepatitis patients’ despite being overweight, particularly among patients with child’s class A.
References
Speliotes EK, Balakrishnan M, Friedman LS, Corey KE. Treatment of dyslipidemia in common liver diseases. Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2018 Aug; 16(8): 1189-96. doi: 10.1016/j.cgh.2018.04.023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cgh.2018.04.023
Torre P, Aglitti A, Masarone M, Persico M. Viral hepatitis: Milestones, unresolved issues, and future goals. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 2021 Jul; 27(28): 4603. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i28.4603. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v27.i28.4603
Amponsah-Dacosta E. Hepatitis B virus infection and hepatocellular carcinoma in sub-Saharan Africa: Implications for elimination of viral hepatitis by 2030?. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 2021 Sep; 27(36): 6025. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v27.i36.6025 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v27.i36.6025
Thrift AP, El-Serag HB, Kanwal F. Global epidemiology and burden of HCV infection and HCV-related disease. Nature Reviews Gastroenterology & Hepatology. 2017 Feb; 14(2): 122-32. doi: 10.1038/nrgastro.2016.176. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nrgastro.2016.176
Corey KE, Mendez‐Navarro J, Barlow LL, Patwardhan V, Zheng H, Kim AY et al. Acute hepatitis C infection lowers serum lipid levels. Journal of Viral Hepatitis. 2011 Jul; 18(7): e366-71. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2011.01434.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2893.2011.01434.x
Badawi A, Di Giuseppe G, Arora P. Cardiovascular disease risk in patients with hepatitis C infection: results from two general population health surveys in Canada and the United States (2007-2017). PLOS One. 2018 Dec; 13(12): e0208839. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0208839. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0208839
Oehler N, Volz T, Bhadra OD, Kah J, Allweiss L, Giersch K et al. Binding of hepatitis B virus to its cellular receptor alters the expression profile of genes of bile acid metabolism. Hepatology. 2014 Nov; 60(5): 1483-93. doi: 10.1002/hep.27159. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.27159
Hsu CS, Liu CH, Wang CC, Tseng TC, Liu CJ, Chen CL et al. Impact of hepatitis B virus infection on metabolic profiles and modifying factors. Journal of Viral Hepatitis. 2012 Feb; 19(2): e48-57. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2011.01535.x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2893.2011.01535.x
Bozdar K, Kumar P, Bajwa MA. Dyslipidemias in Hepatitis C Virus Infection at Isra University Hospital Hyderabad. Annals of PIMS-Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University. 2020 Jan; 16(4): 209-13.
Qasim SF, Jami A, Imran P, Mushtaque R, Khan RN. Frequency of Metabolic Syndrome in Chronic Hepatitis C Patients: Findings from a Lower Middle Income Country. Cureus. 2020 Dec; 12(12). doi: 10.7759/cureus.11975. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.11975
Jabeen S, Rasheed A, Jabeen N, Naz SA, Raza A. Prevalence and association of HBV and HCV infection with cardiovascular disease risk factors in a peri-urban population. Journal of Pakistan Medical Association. 2020 Jan; 70(1): 58-63. doi: 10.5455/JPMA.1542. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5455/JPMA.1542
Gonzalez-Aldaco K, Roman S, Torres-Valadez R, Ojeda-Granados C, Torres-Reyes LA, Panduro A. Hepatitis C virus clearance and less liver damage in patients with high cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and APOE ε4 allele. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 2019 Oct; 25(38): 5826. doi: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i38.5826. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v25.i38.5826
Ghazanfer S and Osman H. Frequency of TTIs in apparently healthy blood donors in Sialkot District, a small district of Punjab-Pakistan with big reservoir of TTIs. Journal of Haematology and Stem Cell Research. 2021 Feb; 1(1): 29-33.
Amarapurkar DN and Amarapurkar AD. Extrahepatic manifestations of viral hepatitis. Annals of Hepatology. 2002; 1(4): 192-5. doi: 10.1016/S1665-2681(19)32165-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1665-2681(19)32165-9
Jukić LV and Kralj D. Extrahepatic Manifestations of Hepatitis C Virus Infection. Update on Hepatitis C. 2017 Oct; 111. doi: 10.5772/intechopen.70728. doi: 10.5772/intechopen.70728. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.70728
Nonogaki K, Fuller GM, Fuentes NL, Moser AH, Staprans IL, Grunfeld CA et al. Interleukin-6 stimulates hepatic triglyceride secretion in rats. Endocrinology. 1995 May; 136(5): 2143-9. doi: 10.1210/endo.136.5.7720663. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.136.5.7720663
Thomas RB. An Energy-Restricted, Low Glycemic Index Diet with Omega-3 Fatty Acid and Vitamin D3 Supplementation in Adults with Metabolic Syndrome. [Master’s Thesis]. Guelph Ontario, Canada: University of Guelph; 2012.
Kwarteng JK. Changes in serum lipids and other biochemical indices associated with liver damage in chronic Hepatitis B infection. [Master’s Thesis]. Kumasi, Ghana: Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology; 2013.
Su TC, Lee YT, Cheng TJ, Chien HP, Wang JD. Chronic hepatitis B virus infection and dyslipidemia. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association. 2004 Apr; 103 (4): 286-91.
Quaye O, Amuzu BG, Adadey SM, Tagoe EA. Effect of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection on lipid profile in Ghanaian patients. Virology: Research and Treatment. 2019 Feb; 10: 1178122X19827606. doi: 10.1177/1178122X19827606. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1178122X19827606
Butt AA, Yan P, Chew KW, Currier J, Corey K, Chung RT et al. Risk of acute myocardial infarction among hepatitis C virus (HCV)-positive and HCV-negative men at various lipid levels: results from ERCHIVES. Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2017 Aug; 65(4): 557-65. doi: 10.1093/cid/cix359. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/cix359
Aldabbagh L, Hmood AR, Aldahalemi AK, Almuhana S, Almussawi AS. Dyslipidemia in patients with hepatitis C virus infection. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Health. 2020; 23: 23-941. doi: 10.36295/ASRO.2020.23941. DOI: https://doi.org/10.36295/ASRO.2020.23941
Mehmood S, Raza H, Abid F, Saeed N, Rehman HM, Javed S et al. National prevalence rate of hepatitis B and C in Pakistan and its risk factors. Journal of Public Health. 2020 Dec; 28: 751-64. doi: 10.1007/s10389-019-01081-5. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-019-01081-5
Rojas Á, Del Campo JA, Maraver M, Aparcero R, García‐Valdecasas M, Diago M et al. Hepatitis C virus infection alters lipid metabolism depending on IL 28B polymorphism and viral genotype and modulates gene expression in vivo and in vitro. Journal of Viral Hepatitis. 2014 Jan; 21(1): 19-24. doi: 10.1111/jvh.12209. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jvh.12209
Pascual-Oliver A, Casas-Deza D, Yagüe-Caballero C, Arbones-Mainar JM, Bernal-Monterde V. Lipid Profile and Cardiovascular Risk Modification after Hepatitis C Virus Eradication. Pathogens. 2024 Mar 25; 13(4): 278. doi: 10.3390/pathogens13040278 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens13040278
Gebhardt A and Fichtenbaum CJ. Current pharmacotherapy for the treatment of dyslipidemia associated with HIV infection. Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy. 2019 Oct; 20(14): 1719-1729. doi: 10.1080/14656566.2019.16/36033. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/14656566.2019.1636033
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open-access journal and all the published articles / items are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. For comments