Effects of Adrenaline Containing Local Anesthesia on Blood Pressure and Blood Glucose Levels Undergoing Tooth Extractions – A Comparative Study: Adrenaline Effects during Tooth Extraction

Ijaz ur Rehman; Maham Zeb; Malik Adeel Anwar; Arsala Khalid; Tahmasub Faraz Tayyab; Kashif Siddique; Hooria Kushef

doi:10.54393/pjhs.v5i06.1581

Authors

Ijaz ur Rehman Department of Oral Medicine,University College of Dentistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
Maham Zeb Department of Oral Medicine,University College of Dentistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
Malik Adeel Anwar Department of Oral Pathology, University College of Dentistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
Arsala Khalid Department of Oral Medicine,University College of Dentistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
Tahmasub Faraz Tayyab Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Niazi Medical and Dental College, Sargodha, Pakistan
Kashif Siddique Department of Oral Medicine,University College of Dentistry, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
Hooria Kushef Department of Medicine, Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v5i06.1581

Keywords:

Exodontia, Local Anesthesia, Adrenaline, Tooth Extraction, Blood Glucose Levels, Blood Pressure

Abstract

Exodontia, the most common dental procedure for damaged or decayed teeth, often utilizes local anesthesia with vasoconstrictors like adrenaline. Although effective, adrenaline can impact blood glucose levels and hemodynamic parameters, particularly in hypertensive and diabetic patients. Objectives: To compare changes in blood pressure and blood glucose levels among healthy, hypertensive and diabetic patients undergoing tooth extraction with adrenaline-containing local anesthesia. Methods: A total of 177 participants were split equally into three groups: healthy, hypertensive and diabetic. Prior to and twenty minutes’ post-injection, blood pressure, and blood glucose levels were measured while a local anesthetic containing 2% lignocaine HCL with 1: 100,000 adrenaline was administered. Sample paired t test and one-way ANOVA were employed in the analysis. Results: After the procedure, hypertensive patients experienced a significant decrease in random blood glucose levels (p=0.001). Similarly, systolic blood pressure exhibited a significant increase (p<0.001), while diastolic blood pressure significantly decreased (p=0.021), post-procedure.Diabetic patients showed a non-significant decrease in glucose levels (p=0.209) but a significant increase in both systolic (p<0.001) and diastolic blood pressure (p=0.002). Healthy patients experienced a significant increase in systolic blood pressure (p=0.015) but no significant changes in glucose levels (p=0.873) or diastolic pressure (p=0.301). Conclusions: Adrenaline in local anesthesia significantly increases systolic blood pressure in all patient groups, with pronounced effects in hypertensive and diabetic patients. Changes in blood glucose were significant only in hypertensive patients, while changes in diabetic patients were non-significant. These findings highlight the need for careful monitoring and personalized management strategies in dental procedures to minimize potential adverse effects and ensure patient safety.

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