Association of Oral Microbiome with Periodontal Disease Progression: A Longitudinal Study

Oral Microbiome with Periodontal Disease Progression

Authors

  • Rashid Javaid Department of Oral Biology, De’Montmorency College of Dentistry, Lahore, Pakistan
  • Madiha Rasheed Department of Oral Biology, Watim Medical and Dental College, Rawalpindi Pakistan
  • Mian Farrukh Imran Department of Prosthetics, Niazi Medical and Dental College, Sargodha, Pakistan
  • Iqra Ejaz Department of Oral Biology, Bakhtawar Amin Medical and Dental College, Multan, Pakistan
  • Sadaf Raffi Department of Oral Medicine, Foundation University College of Dentistry, Islamabad, Pakistan
  • Batool Zara Department of Periodontology, Foundation University College of Dentistry, Islamabad, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v5i08.1754

Keywords:

Oral Microbiome, Periodontal Disease, Porphyromonas Gingivalis, Tannerella Forsythia

Abstract

Periodontal disease, a prevalent oral health condition, is characterized by the inflammation and destruction of the supporting tissues around the teeth and poses significant challenges to global public health. Objectives: To examine the association between the oral microbiome and periodontal disease progression in a Pakistani population. Methods: A total of 350 patients aged ≥ 18 years, diagnosed with periodontal disease, were registered from August 2023 to February 2024. Participants were evaluated for periodontal health indicators, including probing depth and clinical attachment loss, and their oral microbiome profiles were analyzed using high-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Machine learning algorithms, including Random Forest and Support Vector Machines, were applied to predict disease progression based on microbial profiles. Results: Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia were strongly associated with greater probing depths and clinical attachment loss (β = 0.45, p < 0.01), indicating their role in disease progression. Conversely, Streptococcus and Lactobacillus were linked to reduced disease severity (β = -0.30, p < 0.05). The oral microbiome exhibited high diversity, with Firmicutes (35%), Bacteroidetes (25%), Proteobacteria (20%), and Actinobacteria (15%) being the predominant species. The Random Forest model predicted disease progression with 85% accuracy (Area under the curve (AUC) = 0.87), emphasizing the predictive value of microbial profiles. Conclusions: It was concluded that the study confirms a strong link between specific oral microbiota and periodontal disease progression, emphasizing the importance of microbial analysis in predicting and managing periodontal health.

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Published

2024-08-31
CITATION
DOI: 10.54393/pjhs.v5i08.1754
Published: 2024-08-31

How to Cite

Javaid, R., Rasheed, M., Imran, M. F., Ejaz, I., Raffi, S., & Zara, B. (2024). Association of Oral Microbiome with Periodontal Disease Progression: A Longitudinal Study: Oral Microbiome with Periodontal Disease Progression. Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences, 5(08), 138–143. https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v5i08.1754

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