Analyzing the Prevalence and Patterns of Antibiotic-Resistant Pathogens Causing Surgical Site Infections: Antibiotic Resistance in Surgical Site Infections

Sidra Munawar; Asad Sami; Kashif Rafiq; Zahoor Ahmed; Anum Shafique; Huda Ali; Shaharyar Ahsan

doi:10.54393/pjhs.v5i08.1758

Authors

Sidra Munawar Department of General Surgery, Pakistan Ordnance Factories, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Asad Sami Department of General Surgery, Federal Government Polyclinic Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
Kashif Rafiq Department of General Surgery, Ayub Teaching Hospital, Abbottabad, Pakistan
Zahoor Ahmed Department of General Surgery, Federal Government Polyclinic Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan
Anum Shafique Department of General Surgery, Pakistan Ordnance Factories, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Huda Ali Department of General Surgery, Pakistan Ordnance Factories, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
Shaharyar Ahsan Department of Research and Development, Scientia Nova, Islamabad, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v5i08.1758

Keywords:

Surgical Site Infections, Antibiotic-Resistance, Postoperative Wounds

Abstract

Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) remain a critical healthcare challenge, contributing to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. SSIs represent the third most common nosocomial infection globally with an incidence of 19-20%, while their prevalence in Pakistan was significantly higher, ranging up to 33.6%. The emergence of Multidrug-Resistant (MDR) organisms has worsened this issue. Objective: To determine the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens responsible for SSIs and analyze their antibiotic susceptibility patterns over the past decade. Methods: A systematic review was conducted adhering to PRISMA guidelines. Studies published between 2006 and 2023 were included. Data on the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms associated with SSIs were extracted and analyzed through several databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, Sci-hub and Science Direct) using Boolean logic “AND” and “OR”, and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH Terms) and keywords. A total of 70 articles were retrieved from which 16 articles were considered eligible after applying detailed inclusion/exclusion criteria and removing the duplicates and irrelevant articles. Results: The study identified Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, and Acinetobacter spp. as predominant MDR pathogens. A significant increase in the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant strains was observed over the study period. Gram-negative bacteria exhibited a higher resistance rate (66.8%) compared to Gram-positive organisms (51.1%). Conclusions: The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens underscores the urgent need for comprehensive infection prevention and control measures to address the burden of SSIs. Targeted interventions, antimicrobial stewardship, and continued surveillance were essential to combat this growing challenge.

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