Evaluation of the Level of Anxiety in Patients with Stammering : Level of Anxiety in Patients with Stammering

Ufaq  Butt; Muhammad  Azzam Khan; Bareera  Saeed; Saba  Yaqoob; Hafsa  Noreen; Tallat  Anwar Faridi

doi:10.54393/pjhs.v3i02.31

Authors

Ufaq Butt Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore
Muhammad Azzam Khan Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore
Bareera Saeed Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore
Saba Yaqoob Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Riphah International University
Hafsa Noreen Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Riphah International University
Tallat Anwar Faridi

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v3i02.31

Keywords:

Stammerers, Social Anxiety, Patients

Abstract

Stammering is an issue during discourse. Individuals who hesitate generally or experience difficulty getting sound after it has been suspended. In uncommon cases, stammering may start in adulthood, it is known as faltering or stammering too, and is normally brought about by a stroke, which causes cerebrum harm. Objective: To find out levels of anxiety in stammers. Methods: Study design was cross sectional observational survey. Data were collected from children hospital, Mayo hospital, Sehat complex, The University of Lahore Hospital, bases Guldberg, Falah foundation. Sheikh Zaid hospital, Services hospital, Amin Maktab and social media platforms Study duration was 9 months. Sample size was 100 formula used was N=Z²p (1-p) /d². N for sample technique. Z for confidence interval P=stands for prevalence and D for precision. Sampling technique used was Convenience sampling technique. Sample selection was done on the bases of inclusions criteria BECK anxiety tool was used as equipment tool. Results: 100 people were observed during the process most of the people who stammer during anxiety were 40 to 50 of their age. Mostly people who were affected were from rural areas 51%. 41% of the students were from intermediate level. Mostly males suffer from stammering. Conclusion: The results showed that the level of anxiety is mild which mostly affects the people.

References

Levitt EE. The psychology of anxiety. Routledge. 2015 Sep. doi: 10.4324/9781315673127

Hayhow R, Cray AM, Enderby P. Stammering and therapy views of people who stammer. Journal of Fluency Disorders. 2002; 27(1):1-16. doi: 10.1016/s0094-730x(01)00102-4

Costelloe S, Davis S, Cavenagh P. Parental beliefs about stammering and experiences of the therapy process: an on-line survey in conjunction with the british stammering association. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 2015 Jun; 193:82-91. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.03.247

O'Connor S, Moran KA, Whyte EF, Lacey AC. Does stammering act as a barrier to exercise and sport in Irish adults who stammer?. Journal of Fluency Disorders. 2021 Dec; 70:105880. doi: 10.1016/j.jfludis.2021.105880

Turnbull J. Promoting greater understanding in peers of children who stammer. Emotional and behavioural difficulties. 2006 Dec; 11(4):237-47. doi: 10.1080/13632750601022139

Kelman E and Nicholas A. Practical intervention for early childhood stammering: Palin PCI approach. Routledge. 2017 Jul. doi: 10.4324/9781315169200

Parsons V, Ntani G, Muiry R, Madan I, Bricker-Katz G. Assessing the psychosocial impact of stammering on work. Occupational Medicine. 2022 Feb; 72(2):125-131. doi: 10.1093/occmed/kqab169

Purdon C, Antony M, Monteiro S, Swinson RP. Social anxiety in college students. Journal of Anxiety Disorders. 2001 Jun; 15(3):203-15. doi: 10.1016/s0887-6185(01)00059-7

Hugh-Jones S and Smith PK. Self-reports of short- and long-term effects of bullying on children who stammer. British Journal of Educational Psychology. 1999 Jun; 69:141-58. doi: 10.1348/000709999157626

Bull C, Stewart T, Kitchen J. Exploring the Frustration of Situational Variability Using Visual Methodology with an Adult Who Stammers. Perspectives on Fluency and Fluency Disorders. 2013 Nov; 23(2):79-91. doi: 10.1044/ffd23.2.79

Miller R. Anxiety in people who stammer in foreign language learning. E-Aesla. 2016(2):11-22.

Hersh D, Azul D, Carroll C, Lyons R, Mc Menamin R, Skeat J. New perspectives, theory, method, and practice: Qualitative research and innovation in speech-language pathology. International Journal of Speech Language Pathology. 2022 Feb; 1-11. doi: 10.1080/17549507.2022.2029942

Furnham A and Davis S. Involvement of social factors in stuttering: A review and assessment of current methodology. Stammering Research. 2004 Jul; 1(2):112-122

Bernard R, Hofslundsengen H, Frazier Norbury C. Anxiety and Depression Symptoms in Children and Adolescents Who Stutter: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Speech, Language and Hearing Research. 2022 Feb; 65(2):624-644. doi: 10.1044/2021_JSLHR-21-00236

Blomgren M. Stuttering treatment for adults: an update on contemporary approaches. Seminars in Speech and Language. 2010 Nov; 31(4):272-82. doi: 10.1055/s-0030-1265760

Constantino C, Campbell P, Simpson S. Stuttering and the social model. Journal of Communication Disorders. 2022 Apr; 96:106200. doi: 10.1016/j.jcomdis.2022.106200

Parsons V, Ntani G, Muiry R, Madan I, Bricker-Katz G. Assessing the psychosocial impact of stammering on work. Occupational Medicine. 2022 Mar; 72(2):125-31. doi: 10.1093/occmed/kqab169

Tichenor SE, Herring C, Yaruss JS. Understanding the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering Can Improve Stuttering Therapy. Topics in Language Disorders. 2022 Mar; 42(1):57-75. doi: 10.1097/tld.0000000000000272

Craig A and Tran Y. Fear of speaking: chronic anxiety and stammering. Advances in Psychiatric Treatment. 2006 Jan; 12(1):63-8.

Iverach L, O'Brian S, Jones M, Block S, Lincoln M, Harrison E, et al. Prevalence of anxiety disorders among adults seeking speech therapy for stuttering. Journal of Anxiety Disorders. 2009 Oct; 23(7):928-34. doi: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.06.003