Frequency of diabetes mellitus in patients with chronic Hepatitis C Infection: Frequency of Diabetes with Hepatitis C

. Nizamuddin; Tahir  Ghaffar; Shaista  Kanwal; Bakhti  Jan; Muhammad Salman  Aamir; Tanveer ul  Haq; Adnan  Rahman; Muhammad  Ali

doi:10.54393/pjhs.v4i05.723

Authors

. Nizamuddin Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan
Tahir Ghaffar Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan
Shaista Kanwal Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan
Bakhti Jan Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan
Muhammad Salman Aamir Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan
Tanveer ul Haq Department of Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan
Adnan Rahman Royal Wolverhampton NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
Muhammad Ali Department of Internal Medicine, Hayatabad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i05.723

Keywords:

Hepatitis C Virus, Diabetes Mellitus, Polymerase Chain Reaction

Abstract

Diabetes and hepatitis C infection are prevalent worldwide. The one chronic disease the later communicable disease is associated as far mortality is concern. People with hepatitis C infection are prone to develop type 2 diabetes. Objective: To find out the frequency of diabetes mellitus in chronic hepatitis C infected patients admitted to Department of Medicine, Khyber Teaching Hospital KPK. Methods: A cross-sectional Descriptive Study was conducted having 104 patients aged 15 years and above from both genders in department of Medicine for a duration of one year from 2^nd March 2020 to 26^th February 2021.The inclusion criteria were set for patients who were hepatitis C positive for at least two months investigated through detection of HCV antibodies by ELISA. Chronic hepatitis C was diagnosed on the basis of detecting HCV antibodies by ELISA, and confirmed by detecting HCV RNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Diabetes mellitus was diagnosed on the basis of random blood sugar above 200 mg/dL, fasting blood sugar above 126 mg/dL on two occasions or HBA1C above 6.5 % (diagnostic criteria designed by ADA). Results: Only 21 (21%) were found to have newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus with a p value 0.37. Those with impaired glucose levels were found in 15(15%), and 59(59%) were with normal glucose level. Conclusions: Our study did not find any statistical significance in our result with p-value= (0.37).

References

Kao JH, Ahn SH, Chien RN, Cho M, Chuang WL, Jeong SH, et al. Urgency to treat patients with chronic hepatitis C in Asia. Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology. 2017 May; 32(5): 966-74. doi: 10.1111/jgh.13709.

Subramani SK, Yadav D, Mishra M, Pakkirisamy U, Mathiyalagen P, Prasad GB. Prevalence of type 2 diabetes and prediabetes in the Gwalior-Chambal region of central India. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2019 Dec ;16(23): 4708. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16234708.

Uddin F, Ali B, Junaid N. Prevalence of Diabetic Complications In Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Patients In Pakistan: Findings From National Registry. Journal of Ayub Medical College Abbottabad. 2018 Oct; 30(1)(4): S652-S8.

Afroz A, Alam K, Ali L, Karim A, Alramadan MJ, Habib SH, et al. Type 2 diabetes mellitus in Bangladesh: a prevalence based cost-of-illness study. BMC Health Services Research. 2019 Dec; 19(1) :1-2. doi: 10.1186/s12913-019-4440-3.

Afroz A, Zhang W, Loh AJ, Lee DX, Billah B. Macro-and micro-vascular complications and their determinants among people with type 2 diabetes in Bangladesh. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. 2019 Sep; 13(5): 2939-46. doi: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.07.046.

Al Humayed SM, Mahfouz AA, Awadalla NJ, Alsabaani AA. Hepatitis C virus infection at primary healthcare level in Abha City, Southwestern Saudi Arabia: Is type 2 diabetes mellitus an associated factor?. International journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018 Nov; 15(11): 2513. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15112513.

Qureshi H, Ahsan T, Mujeeb SA, Jawad F, Mehdi I, Ahmed W, et al. Diabetes mellitus is equally frequent in chronic HCV and HBV infection. Journal of Pakistan Medical Association. 2002 Jul; 52(7): 280-3.

Qureshi H. Association of diabetes mellitus and chronic hepatitis C infection. Journal of Pakistan Medical Association. 2002 Jul; 52(7): 278-9.

Chehadeh W, Abdella N, Ben‐Nakhi A, Al‐Arouj M, Al‐Nakib W. Risk factors for the development of diabetes mellitus in chronic hepatitis C virus genotype 4 infection. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology. 2009 Jan; 24(1): 42-8. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2008.05503.x.

Huang YW, Yang SS, Fu SC, Wang TC, Hsu CK, Chen DS, et al. Increased risk of cirrhosis and its decompensation in chronic hepatitis C patients with new‐onset diabetes: a nationwide cohort study. Hepatology. 2014 Sep; 60(3): 807-14. doi: 10.1002/hep.27212.

Ryu JK, Lee SB, Hong SJ, Lee S. Association of chronic hepatitis C virus infection and diabetes mellitus in Korean patients. The Korean Journal of Internal Medicine. 2001 Mar; 16(1): 18. doi: 10.3904/kjim.2001.16.1.18.

Yi SW, Choi JS, Yi JJ, Lee YH, Han KJ. Risk factors for hepatocellular carcinoma by age, sex, and liver disorder status: a prospective cohort study in Korea. Cancer. 2018 Jul; 124(13): 2748-57. doi: 10.1002/cncr.31406.

Memon MS, Arain ZI, Naz F, Zaki M, Kumar S, Burney AA. Prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in hepatitis C virus infected population: a Southeast Asian study. Journal of Diabetes Research. 2013 Jan; 2013: 1-7. doi: 10.1155/2013/539361.

Chen LK, Hwang SJ, Tsai ST, Luo JC, Lee SD, Chang FY. Glucose intolerance in Chinese patients with chronic hepatitis C. World Journal of Gastroenterology. 2003 Mar; 9(3): 505. 10.3748/wjg.v9.i3.505.

Chung WJ. Chronic hepatitis C and insulin resistance. The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology. 2012 Apr; 59(4): 268-74. doi: 10.4166/kjg.2012.59.4.268.

Arao M, Murase K, Kusakabe A, Yoshioka K, Fukuzawa Y, Ishikawa T, et al. Prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Japanese patients infected chronically with hepatitis C virus. Journal of Gastroenterology. 2003 Apr; 38(4): 355-60. doi: 10.1007/s005350300063.

Lin YJ, Shaw TW, Yang HI, Lu SN, Jen CL, Wang LY, et al. Chronic hepatitis C virus infection and the risk for diabetes: a community‐based prospective study. Liver International. 2017 Feb; 37(2): 179-86. doi: 10.1111/liv.13194.

Noto H and Raskin P. Hepatitis C infection and diabetes. Journal of Diabetes and its Complications. 2006 Mar; 20(2): 113-20. doi: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2006.01.001.

Elhawary EI, Mahmoud GF, El-Daly MA, Mekky FA, Esmat GG, Abdel-Hamid M. Association of HCV with diabetes mellitus: an Egyptian case-control study. Virology Journal. 2011 Dec; 8(1): 1-9. doi: 10.1186/1743-422X-8-367.

Fabiani S, Fallahi P, Ferrari SM, Miccoli M, Antonelli A. Hepatitis C virus infection and development of type 2 diabetes mellitus: Systematic review and meta-analysis of the literature. Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders. 2018 Dec; 19: 405-20. doi: 10.1007/s11154-017-9440-1.

Gordon SC, Lamerato LE, Rupp LB, Holmberg SD, Moorman AC, Spradling PR, et al. Prevalence of cirrhosis in hepatitis C patients in the Chronic Hepatitis Cohort Study (CHeCS): a retrospective and prospective observational study. The American Journal of Gastroenterology. 2015 Aug; 110(8): 1169. doi: 10.1038/ajg.2015.203.