Assessing the Impact of Self-Medication with Antibiotics Among Medical Students
Assessing the Impact of Self-Medication with Antibiotics
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v5i02.1242Keywords:
Antibiotics, Self-Medication, Adverse Effects, Medical StudentsAbstract
Self-medication is different from self-care in that it uses drugs, which might be helpful or detrimental. According to a number of studies, improper self-medication carries significant health concerns like unpleasant side effects, prolonged pain, and drug dependence. Objective: To explore the adverse effects of self-medication with antibiotics among medical students. Methods: Over the course of seven months, from November 2022 to May 2023, a multi-institutional cross-sectional study was conducted at the University Medical and Dental College of the University of Faisalabad and Bahria University Health Sciences, Karachi (BUHS). The ethical approval was obtained from the Ethical Review Committee of BUHS (Ref: ERC/05/2023) and Institutional Review Board of The University of Faisalabad (Ref: TUF/IRB/153/2022). A sample size was calculated by OpenEpi website calculator. Microsoft excel was used to store the data and IBM SPSS version 23.0 was used for data analysis. A self-designed performa was used to collect data. Results: There was a total of 1340 students in our survey, and an equal number of students 670 (50%) were recruited from each institute. 414 (61.8%) students from BUHS and 494 (73.7%) from UMDC were found to have self-medication practices. 39.9% and 38.2% of the students from 1st year and 2nd year of medical education were found to self-medicate. 69.5% of the hostelite students were found to self-medicate antibiotics. Conclusions: Our research can be concluded as self-medication of antibiotics is a common practice among future health care professionals, with the highest incidence seen in the 1st and 2nd year of medical education. Several adverse symptoms arising due to this practice were seen with the highest being tiredness and dizziness.
References
Zaidi ST. Self-Medication with Antibiotics among Medical Students in Karachi: A Cross-Sectional Institution Based Study. Middle East Journal of Family Medicine. 2020 Sep; 7(10): 24. doi: 10.5742/MEWFM.2020.93866. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5742/MEWFM.2020.93866
Torres NF, Chibi B, Middleton LE, Solomon VP, Mashamba-Thompson TP. Evidence of factors influencing self-medication with antibiotics in low and middle-income countries: a systematic scoping review. Public hHealth. 2019 Mar; 168: 92-101. doi: 10.1016/j.puhe.2018.11.018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2018.11.018
Ayosanmi OS, Alli BY, Akingbule OA, Alaga AH, Perepelkin J, Marjorie D, et al. Prevalence and correlates of self-medication practices for prevention and treatment of COVID-19: a systematic review. Antibiotics. 2022 Jun; 11(6): 808. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics11060808. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11060808
Nepal G, Bhatta S. Self-medication with antibiotics in WHO Southeast Asian Region: a systematic review. Cureus. 2018 Apr 5;10(4). e2428. doi: 10.7759/cureus.2428. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.2428
Kumar N, Kanchan T, Unnikrishnan B, Rekha T, Mithra P, Kulkarni V, et al. Perceptions and practices of self-medication among medical students in coastal South India. PloS One. 2013 Aug; 8(8): e72247. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072247. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0072247
Quispe-Cañari JF, Fidel-Rosales E, Manrique D, Mascaró-Zan J, Huamán-Castillón KM, Chamorro–Espinoza SE, et al. Self-medication practices during the COVID-19 pandemic among the adult population in Peru: A cross-sectional survey. Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal. 2021 Jan; 29(1): 1-1. doi: 10.1016/j.jsps.2020.12.001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsps.2020.12.001
Maheshwari S, Gupta PK, Sinha R, Rawat P. Knowledge, attitude, and practice towards coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among medical students: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Acute Disease. 2020 May; 9(3): 100-4. doi: 10.4103/2221-6189.283886. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/2221-6189.283886
Al-Rabiaah A, Temsah MH, Al-Eyadhy AA, Hasan GM, Al-Zamil F, Al-Subaie S, et al. Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Corona Virus (MERS-CoV) associated stress among medical students at a university teaching hospital in Saudi Arabia. Journal Of Infection And Public Health. 2020 May; 13(5): 687-91. doi: 10.1016/j.jiph.2020.01.005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiph.2020.01.005
Tian-Ci Quek T, Wai-San Tam W, X. Tran B, Zhang M, Zhang Z, Su-Hui Ho C, et al. The global prevalence of anxiety among medical students: a meta-analysis. International Journal Of Environmental Research And Public Health. 2019 Aug; 16(15): 2735. doi: 10.3390/ijerph16152735. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16152735
Patil SB, Vardhamane SH, Patil BV, Santoshkumar J, Binjawadgi AS, Kanaki AR. Self-Medication Practice and Perceptions Among Undergraduate Medical Students: A Cross-Sectional Study. Journal Of Clinical and Diagnostic Research: JCDR. 2014 Dec; 8(12): HC20. doi: 10.7860/JCDR/2014/10579.5313. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7860/JCDR/2014/10579.5313
Mehta RK, Sharma S. Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Self-Medication Among Medical Students. Age (years). 2015; 20(49): 65-3.
Erschens R, Keifenheim KE, Herrmann-Werner A, Loda T, Schwille-Kiuntke J, Bugaj TJ, et al. Professional Burnout Among Medical Students: Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis. Medical Teacher. 2019 Feb; 41(2): 172-83. doi: 10.1080/0142159X.2018.1457213. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/0142159X.2018.1457213
Haque M, Rahman NA, McKimm J, Kibria GM, Azim Majumder MA, Haque SZ, et al. Self-medication of antibiotics: investigating practice among university students at the Malaysian National Defense University. Infection And Drug Resistance. 2019 May: 1333-51. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S203364. DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/IDR.S203364
Shah SJ, Ahmad H, Rehan RB, Najeeb S, Mumtaz M, Jilani MH, et al. Self-medication with antibiotics among non-medical university students of Karachi: a cross-sectional study. BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology. 2014 Dec; 15: 1-7. doi: 10.1186/2050-6511-15-74. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/2050-6511-15-74
Tuyishimire J, Okoya F, Adebayo AY, Humura F, Lucero-Prisno III DE. Assessment of self-medication practices with antibiotics among undergraduate university students in Rwanda. The Pan African Medical Journal. 2019 Aug; 33: 307. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2019.33.307.18139. DOI: https://doi.org/10.11604/pamj.2019.33.307.18139
Pan H, Cui B, Zhang D, Farrar J, Law F, Ba-Thein W. Prior knowledge, older age, and higher allowance are risk factors for self-medication with antibiotics among university students in southern China. PloS One. 2012 Jul; 7(7): e41314. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041314. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0041314
Wang X, Lin L, Xuan Z, Li L, Zhou X. Keeping antibiotics at home promotes self-medication with antibiotics among Chinese university students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2018 Apr; 15(4): 687. doi: 10.3390/ijerph15040687. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15040687
Osemene KP, Lamikanra A. A study of the prevalence of self-medication practice among university students in Southwestern Nigeria. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research. 2012 Aug; 11(4): 683-9. doi: 10.4314/tjpr.v11i4.21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4314/tjpr.v11i4.21
Kamati M, Godman B, Kibuule D. Prevalence of self-medication for acute respiratory infections in young children in Namibia: findings and implications. Journal Of Research In Pharmacy Practice. 2019 Oct; 8(4): 220. doi: 10.4103/jrpp.JRPP_19_121. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4103/jrpp.JRPP_19_121
Mutua CM, Muthuka JK, Muthoka MN, Wambura FM. Pattern and Practices of Self Medication during COVID-19 Pandemic in Urban Settings, Kenya:“Does COVID-19 pandemic have a marginal Influence?”. IOSR J. Pharm. Biologic. Sci.(IOSR-JPBS). 2021 Jul ;16(4): 56-63.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open-access journal and all the published articles / items are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. For comments