Impact of Green Tea on Cardiovascular Patients Suffering from Endothelial Dysfunction and Myocardial Infarction

Sidra Khalid; Mibah Arshad; Maimoona Ashfaq; Syeda Uroosa  Jafri; Saman Saeed

doi:10.54393/pjhs.v2i01.32

Authors

Sidra Khalid Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
Mibah Arshad Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
Maimoona Ashfaq Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
Syeda Uroosa Jafri Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
Saman Saeed Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v2i01.32

Keywords:

Green Tea, Endothelial Dysfunction, Myocardial Infarction, Health, Patients

Abstract

Globally tea consumption is common besides water. Green tea has been taken as a health stimulating drink since prehistoric time. From tea group polyphenols of green tea have been examined for cardiovascular disease (CVD) treatment. All around the world scientists have assessed the possible wellbeing profits of green tea for health due to its plentiful catechin, epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), in current centuries. Objective: To conclude the impact of green tea on cardiovascular patients suffering from endothelial dysfunction and myocardial infarction. Methods: Total of 21 cardiovascular patients, of both sexes, were randomly selected and followed up, with green tea intake, for two months. Two types of teas were used in the study, commonly available green tea in market and branded green tea. Their anthropometric measurements, body mass index, blood glucose level, blood lipid profile and electro cardio gram were done at the start, after a month and at the end of the trial. Results: The results showed that both local and branded green tea has an overall non-significant effect on body weight, blood glucose, LDL, HDL, triglyceride, cholesterol, and cholesterol: HDL and total lipids. As compared to control group both teas were effective in curing CVD. Comparative efficacy of both teas showed that Lipton green tea more significantly lowered the body weight, blood glucose, triglycerides, total lipids, cholesterol, SLDL, HDL and cholesterol: HDL was significantly increased. Conclusions: This study concluded that branded green tea is more effective in lowering weight, regulating the level of glucose in blood, modifying the lipid profile hence preventing the risk of CVD.

References

Nesto RW and Rutter MK. Impact of the atherosclerotic process in patients with diabetes. Acta diabetologica. 2002 Jun;39(2):s22-8. doi.org/10.1007/s005920200022.

Waltner-Law ME, Wang XL, Law BK, Hall RK, Nawano M and Granner DK. Epigallocatechin gallate, a constituent of green tea, represses hepatic glucose production. J Biol Chem. 2002;277(38):34933-40. doi: 10.1074/jbc.M204672200.

Anderson RA and Polansky MM. Tea enhances insulin activity. J Agric Food Chem. 2002;50(24):7182-6. doi: 10.1021/jf020514c.

Cheng TO. Obesity crisis comprised of danger and opportunity. Journal of the American Dietetic Association. 2004;104(10):1546. doi:10.1016/j.jada.2004.08.020.

Murase T, Nagasawa A, Suzuki J, Hase T and Tokimitsu I. Beneficial effects of tea catechins on diet-induced obesity: stimulation of lipid catabolism in the liver. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord. 2002;26(11):1459-64. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802141.

Liao S. The medicinal action of androgens and green tea epigallocatechin gallate. Hong Kong Med J. 2001;7(4):369-74.

Chantre P and Lairon D. Recent findings of green tea extract AR25 (Exolise) and its activity for the treatment of obesity. Phytomedicine. 2002;9(1):3-8. doi: 10.1078/0944-7113-00078.

Heber D. Herbal preparations for obesity: are they useful? Prim Care. 2003;30(2):441-63. doi: 10.1016/s0095-4543(03)00015-0.

Zheng G, Sayama K, Okubo T, Juneja LR and Oguni I. Anti-obesity effects of three major components of green tea, catechins, caffeine and theanine, in mice. In Vivo. 2004;18(1):55-62.

Geleijnse JM, Launer LJ, Van der Kuip DA, Hofman A and Witteman JC. Inverse association of tea and flavonoid intakes with incident myocardial infarction: the Rotterdam Study. Am J Clin Nutr. 2002;75(5):880-6. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/75.5.880.

Seidell JC and Visscher TL. Body weight and weight change and their health implications for the elderly. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2000;54 Suppl 3:S33-9. doi: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601023.

Nuttall FQ. Body Mass Index: Obesity, BMI, and Health: A Critical Review. Nutr Today. 2015;50(3):117-128. doi:10.1097/NT.0000000000000092.

Bogdanski P, Suliburska J, Szulinska M, Stepien M, Pupek-Musialik D and Jablecka A. Green tea extract reduces blood pressure, inflammatory biomarkers, and oxidative stress and improves parameters associated with insulin resistance in obese, hypertensive patients. Nutr Res. 2012;32(6):421-7. doi: 10.1016/j.nutres.2012.05.007.

Basu A, Sanchez K, Leyva MJ, Wu M, Betts NM and Aston CE et al. Green tea supplementation affects body weight, lipids, and lipid peroxidation in obese subjects with metabolic syndrome. J Am Coll Nutr. 2010;29(1):31-40. doi: 10.1080/07315724.2010.10719814.

Rudelle S, Ferruzzi MG, Cristiani I, Moulin J, Macé K and Acheson KJ et al. Effect of a thermogenic beverage on 24-hour energy metabolism in humans. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2007;15(2):349-55. doi: 10.1038/oby.2007.529.

Klaus S, Pültz S, Thöne-Reineke C and Wolfram S. Epigallocatechin gallate attenuates diet-induced obesity in mice by decreasing energy absorption and increasing fat oxidation. Int J Obes (Lond). 2005;29(6):615-23. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802926.

Thielecke F and Boschmann M. The potential role of green tea catechins in the prevention of the metabolic syndrome - a review. Phytochemistry. 2009;70(1):11-24. doi: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2008.11.011.

Nagao T, Komine Y, Soga S, Meguro S, Hase T and Tanaka Y et al. Ingestion of a tea rich in catechins leads to a reduction in body fat and malondialdehyde-modified LDL in men. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005;81(1):122-9. doi: 10.1093/ajcn/81.1.122.

Wu LY, Juan CC, Hwang LS, Hsu YP, Ho PH and Ho LT. Green tea supplementation ameliorates insulin resistance and increases glucose transporter IV content in a fructose-fed rat model. Eur J Nutr. 2004;43(2):116-24. doi: 10.1007/s00394-004-0450-x.

Lambert JD, Lee MJ, Lu H, Meng X, Hong JJ and Seril DN et al. Epigallocatechin-3-gallate is absorbed but extensively glucuronidated following oral administration to mice. J Nutr. 2003;133(12):4172-7. doi: 10.1093/jn/133.12.4172.

Ullmann U, Haller J, Decourt JP, Girault N, Girault J and Richard-Caudron AS et al. A single ascending dose study of epigallocatechin gallate in healthy volunteers. J Int Med Res. 2003;31(2):88-101. doi: 10.1177/147323000303100205.

Nagaya N, Yamamoto H, Uematsu M, Itoh T, Nakagawa K and Miyazawa T et al. Green tea reverses endothelial dysfunction in healthy smokers. Heart. 2004;90(12):1485-6. doi: 10.1136/hrt.2003.026740.