Frequency of Cesarean Section According to the Robson Classification in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Lahore
Frequency of Cesarean Section According to the Robson Classification
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v7i9.4043Keywords:
Cesarean Section, Robson Ten-Group Classification System, Obstetric Audit, Tertiary Care HospitalAbstract
The Robson Ten-Group Classification System (TGCS) uses basic obstetric characteristics to categorize birthing women into ten different groups. The World Health Organization (WHO) recommended TGCS in its 2015 Executive Statement as a standard tool for monitoring and evaluating cesarean section rates at health facilities and national levels. Objectives: To determine the frequency of cesarean section according to Robson’s criteria in the Tertiary care hospital of Lahore. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Services Hospital, Lahore, from July 2023 to December 2023. A total of 135 women aged 18- 40 years undergoing delivery were selected, and those with major obstetric complications were excluded. Data were collected by non-probability, consecutive sampling. Patients were assessed for Robson classification by the researcher herself, and cesarean section was recorded for each group. Data were analyzed by computer software SPSS version 25.0. Results: Most of the patients, 81 (60.0%), were between 18 and 30 years of age. The frequency of cesarean section was found in 53 (39.3%) patients. Cesarean section rate in different groups (1-10) according to Robson’s classification was found to be 18.2%, 29.2%, 52.9%, 27.3%, 60.0%, 80.0%, 30.0%, 37.5%, 60.0%, and 100.0%, respectively. Conclusions: Robson Groups 3 and 5 were primary contributors to cesarean section rates, followed by Groups 6 and 2. These results underline the importance of the minimization of primary cesarean sections and the encouragement of normal delivery.
References
Abdallah W, Abi Tayeh G, Kesrouani A, Nassar M, Finan R, Mansour F et al. The Rate of Cesarean Delivery Changes After Internal Audit Based on the Robson Ten Group Classification System in Lebanon. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2023 Apr; 161(1): 314-9. doi: 10.1002/ijgo.14610. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ijgo.14610
Şeker S, Canbay FÇ, Firouz N, Cesur C. Identifying Genital Hygiene Behaviours of Pregnant Women in Rural and Urban Regions: A Cross-Sectional Study. Clinical and Experimental Health Sciences. 2020 Dec; 10(4): 375-81. doi: 10.33808/clinexphealthsci.671328. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33808/clinexphealthsci.671328
Robson M, Murphy M, Byrne F. Quality assurance: The 10‐Group Classification System (Robson Classification), Induction of Labor, and Cesarean Delivery. International Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics. 2015 Oct; 131: S23-7. doi: 10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.04.026. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2015.04.026
Chrifi H, Boudallaa I, Assarag B, Soulaymani A. Why is the Implementation of Robson’s Classification Required in Morocco? in E3S Web of Conferences. 2023; 412: 01059. doi: 10.1051/e3sconf/202341201059. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202341201059
Ghafoor M, Qureshi QI, Soomro S, Shah F, Mughis A, Maqsood Z. Feto-Maternal Outcomes of Labouring Patients in Booked and Unbooked Patients: Feto-Maternal Outcomes of Laboring Patients. Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences. 2022 Nov: 83-7. doi: 10.54393/pjhs.v3i06.291. DOI: https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v3i06.291
Hasnain S, Ambreen A, Kashmiri MJ, Sadaf SS. Analysis of Cesarean Sections According to Robson Ten Group Classification in a Private Tertiary Care Hospital, Lahore. Journal of the Society of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists of Pakistan. 2025 Apr; 15(2): 103-8. doi: 10.71104/jsogp.v15i2.862. DOI: https://doi.org/10.71104/jsogp.v15i2.862
Sabir SF, Baig FS, Safdar ZA, Zeb SU, Tariq FA, Shehzadi KU. Rising Cesarean Section Rate, Need to Revisit Cesarean Section Indications. Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences. 2022; 16(4). doi: 10.53350/pjmhs22164687. DOI: https://doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22164687
Parveen R, Khakwani M, Naz A, Bhatti R. Analysis of Cesarean Sections Using Robson’s Ten Group Classification System. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences. 2021 Mar; 37(2): 567. doi: 10.12669/pjms.37.2.3823. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.37.2.3823
Qureshi FU, Sohail S, Jabeen S, Iqbal F. Patterns and Determinants of Caesarean Section Rates According to Modified Robsons Criteria: A Descriptive Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital. Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College. 2025 Jun; 29(2). doi: 10.37939/jrmc.v29i2.2800. DOI: https://doi.org/10.37939/jrmc.v29i2.2800
Pravina P, Ranjana R, Goel N, Ranjana R. Cesarean Audit Using Robson Classification at a Tertiary Care Center in Bihar: A Retrospective Study. Cureus. 2022 Mar; 14(3). doi: 10.7759/cureus.23133. DOI: https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.23133
Pourshirazi M, Heidarzadeh M, Taheri M, Esmaily H, Babaey F, Talkhi N et al. Cesarean Delivery in Iran: A Population-Based Analysis Using the Robson Classification System. BioMed Central Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2022 Mar; 22(1): 185. doi: 10.1186/s12884-022-04517-1. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-022-04517-1
Kant A and Mendiratta S. Classification of Cesarean Section Through Robson Criteria: An Emerging Concept to Audit the Increasing Cesarean Section Rate. International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2018 Nov; 7(11): 4674-8. doi: 10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20184528. DOI: https://doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20184528
Golbasi C, Golbasi H, Bayraktar B, Omeroglu I, Vural T, Sahingoz Yildirim AG et al. Cesarean Delivery Rates Based on Time and Indication Using the Robson Ten‐Group Classification System: Assessment at a Turkish Tertiary Center. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Research. 2023 Mar; 49(3): 883-92. doi: 10.1111/jog.15522. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/jog.15522
Venkatesh KK, Huang X, Cameron NA, Petito LC, Joseph J, Landon MB et al. Rural–Urban Disparities in Pregestational and Gestational Diabetes in Pregnancy: Serial, Cross‐Sectional Analysis of Over 12 million Pregnancies. An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2024 Jan; 131(1): 26-35. doi: 10.1111/1471-0528.17587. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.17587
Majid E, Kulsoom S, Fatima S, Zuberi BF. To Evaluate Rising Caesarean Section Rate and Factors Contributing to it by Using Modified Robson’s Criteria at a Tertiary Care Hospital. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences. 2022 Sep; 38(7): 2021. doi: 10.12669/pjms.38.7.5983. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.38.7.5983
Ayyaz M, Khanum A, Aimen Z, Jamil S, Waqar H. Rising Trend of Caesarean Section in Primigravida at Lady Aitchison Hospital Lahore: Phenomenological Analysis of Indications. The Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association... 2022 Dec; 72(12): 2386-90. doi: 10.47391/JPMA.2273. DOI: https://doi.org/10.47391/JPMA.2273
Moshi FV. Prevalence and Factors Which Influence Early Antenatal Booking among Women of Reproductive Age in Tanzania: An Analysis of Data from the 2015-16 Tanzania Demographic Health Survey and Malaria Indicators Survey. Public Library of Science One. 2021 Apr; 16(4): e0249337. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249337. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249337
Chaudhri R, Hanif K, Bilquis H, Reza TE, Uzma Q, Khan A et al. Analysis of Caesarean Section Rates Using the Robson’s Ten Group Classification System (TGCS) at Tertiary Level Healthcare Facilities in Rawalpindi, Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Ayub Medical College Abbottabad. 2025 Mar; 37(1): 63-8. doi: 10.55519/JAMC-01-13094. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55519/JAMC-01-13094
Nazeer S, Rehman M, Khan S, Sadiq S, Bano K. Assessment of Caesarean Section Rate Using Robson Ten Group Classification System in a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Cross Sectional Study. Journal Of Ayub Medical College Abbottabad. 2023 Apr; 35(2): 275-9. doi: 10.55519/JAMC-02-11602. DOI: https://doi.org/10.55519/JAMC-02-11602
Akadri AA, Imaralu JO, Salami OF, Nwankpa CC, Adepoju AA. Robson Classification of Caesarean Births: Implications for Reducing Caesarean Section Rate in a Private Tertiary Hospital in Nigeria. BioMed Central Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2023 Apr; 23(1): 243. doi: 10.1186/s12884-023-05557-x. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-023-05557-x
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open-access journal and all the published articles / items are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. For comments
