Assessment of Nutritional Status and Dietary Practices Among School-Going Adolescents in Rural and Urban Area: A Comparative Study: Assessment of dietary practices among school-going adolescents

Yumna  Zainab; Sana  Noreen; Bahisht  Rizwan; Syeda  Ume Farwa; Wajeeha  Abbas; Javeria  Naveed; Anosha  Tariq; Sibgha  Babar; Masooma  Ali

doi:10.54393/pjhs.v3i06.148

Authors

Yumna Zainab University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Lahore Pakistan · Lahore, Pakistan
Sana Noreen University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Lahore Pakistan · Lahore, Pakistan
Bahisht Rizwan University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Lahore Pakistan · Lahore, Pakistan
Syeda Ume Farwa University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Lahore Pakistan · Lahore, Pakistan
Wajeeha Abbas University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Lahore Pakistan · Lahore, Pakistan
Javeria Naveed University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Lahore Pakistan · Lahore, Pakistan
Anosha Tariq University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Lahore Pakistan · Lahore, Pakistan
Sibgha Babar University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Lahore Pakistan · Lahore, Pakistan
Masooma Ali University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Lahore Pakistan · Lahore, Pakistan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v3i06.148

Keywords:

Nutritional Status, School Going Adolescents, Urban, Rural

Abstract

The nutritional status of adolescents is of utmost importance as this stage of life accounts for the massive growth and maturation of the human body. Substandard nutritional status during adolescence is a significant determinant of health outcomes later in life. Objectives: To assess and compare the nutritional status and dietary habits of school-going adolescents in rural and urban areas. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the nutritional status of adolescents from different schools in rural and urban areas. A total of 100 participants were selected through the non-probability sampling technique. Participants were assessed using a standardized questionnaire that included a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), socio-demographic, nutritional knowledge and eating habits. Data was then entered and analyzed using SPSS version 24.0. Among 100 participants, 50 were male, and 50 were female. All-inclusive participants were between 14-17 years of age. Results: In rural areas, 40% of the students were underweight, whereas, in urban areas, only 26% were underweight. However, the percentage of normal body mass index was equal. The prevalence of the overweight category was two times greater in urban areas, 16%, compared to 8% in the rural area. Mostly urban area students consumed more junk rather than natural foods and homemade foods, which were more common among rural students. Comparatively, rural students were more undernourished and leaner. Conclusion: Nutritional status of students from both areas was different from each other by a considerable margin but collectively was insufficient and poor.

References

Birru SM, Tariku A, Belew AK. Improved dietary diversity of school adolescent girls in the context of urban Northwest Ethiopia: 2017. Italian Journal of Pediatrics. 2018 Dec; 44(1):1-6. doi: 10.1186/s13052-018-0490-0.

Saeed A, Javed A, Wattoo SS, Noreen S. A Comparative Analysis of Nutrition Education Intervention on Food Choices of Public and Private Preschool Children in Lahore, Pakistan. Proceeding SZPGMI. 2016 Jan; 30(1):49-53.

Insani PN, Rimbawan R, Palupi E. Dietary habits and nutritional status among school children in rural and urban areas: A comparative study from Bogor, Indonesia. Future of Food: Journal on Food, Agriculture and Society. 2018 Dec; 6(2):55-66. doi:10.17170/kobra-2018122071.

Tanzil S and Jamali T. Obesity, an emerging epidemic in Pakistan-a review of evidence. Journal of Ayub Medical College Abbottabad. 2016 Jul; 28(3):596-597.

Horiuchi Y, Kusama K, Kanha S, Yoshiike N, FIDR Research Team. Urban-rural differences in nutritional status and dietary intakes of school-aged children in Cambodia. Nutrients. 2018 Dec; 11(1):14-15. doi: 10.3390/nu11010014.

Naseer O, Mahmood F, Fazil M, Bilal S, Kulsoom A, Hamid S. Eating habits of adolescent students. Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College. 2018 Dec; 22(4):357-360.

Maiti S, Ali KM, De D, Bera TK, Ghosh D, Paul S. A comparative study on nutritional status of urban and rural early adolescent school girls of West Bengal, India. Journal of Nepal Paediatric Society. 2011 Sep; 31(3):169-174. doi: 10.3126/jnps.v31i3.5352.

Simeon NA, Linus IA, Chukwunonye AE, Chidimma NN, Mmaduneme OK, Emeka OM, et al. Assessment of Nutritional Status AmongPrimary School Pupils in Rural and Urban Areas of Anambra State. European Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2015 Mar; 3(2):34-38. doi: 10.11648/j.ejpm.20150302.14.

Jeinie MH, Guad RM, Hetherington MM, Gan SH, Aung YN, Seng WY, et al. Comparison of Nutritional Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices between Urban and Rural Secondary School Students: A Cross-Sectional Study in Sabah, East Malaysia. Foods. 2021 Sep; 10(9):2037. doi: 10.3390/foods10092037.

da Costa Louzada ML, Baraldi LG, Steele EM, Martins AP, Canella DS, Moubarac JC, et al. Consumption of ultra-processed foods and obesity in Brazilian adolescents and adults. Preventive medicine. 2015 Dec; 81:9-15. doi: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.07.018.

Sedibe MH, Pisa PT, Feeley AB, Pedro TM, Kahn K, Norris SA. Dietary habits and eating practices and their association with overweight and obesity in rural and urban black South African adolescents. Nutrients. 2018 Jan; 10(2):145. doi: 10.3390/nu10020145.

Hoffmann K, Bryl W, Marcinkowski JT, Rzesos A, Wojtyla E, Pupek-Musialik D. Dietary behaviors of adolescents from urban and rural areas in the district of Szamotuły-a preliminary study. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine. 2012 Mar; 19(1):103-107.

Bargiota A, Delizona M, Tsitouras A, Koukoulis GN. Eating habits and factors affecting food choice of adolescents living in rural areas. Hormones. 2013 Apr; 12(2):246-253. doi: 10.14310/horm.2002.1408.

Xavier IC, Hardman CM, Andrade ML, Barros MV. Frequency of consumption of fruits, vegetables and soft drinks: a comparative study among adolescents in urban and rural areas. Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia. 2014 Apr; 17:371-380. doi: 10.1590/1809-4503201400020007eng.

Miller C, Ettridge K, Wakefield M, Pettigrew S, Coveney J, Roder D, et al. Consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, juice, artificially-sweetened soda and bottled water: An Australian population study. Nutrients. 2020 Mar; 12(3):817. doi: 10.3390/nu12030817.

Nurwanti E, Hadi H, Chang JS, Chao JC, Paramashanti BA, Gittelsohn J, et al. Rural–urban differences in dietary behavior and obesity: Results of the riskesdas study in 10–18-year-old Indonesian children and adolescents. Nutrients. 2019 Nov; 11(11):2813. doi: 10.3390/nu11112813.

Lipoeto NI, Lin KG, Angeles-Agdeppa I. Food consumption patterns and nutrition transition in South-East Asia. Public health nutrition. 2013 Sep; 16(9):1637-1643. doi: 10.1017/S1368980012004569.

Saxena A. The impact of nutrition on the overall quality of life adolescent girls are living across the city of Kota. International Journal of Life Sciences. 2017 Feb; 1(1):40. doi.org/10.21744/ijls.v1i1.21.

Naskar P and Roy S. Obesity and related lifestyle behavior of adolescent school students in a rural area of West Bengal, India. IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences. 2020 Feb; 19(2):44-49. doi: 10.9790/0853-1902064449.

Yang L, Bovet P, Liu Y, Zhao M, Ma C, Liang Y, et al. Consumption of carbonated soft drinks among young adolescents aged 12 to 15 years in 53 low-and middle-income countries. American journal of public health. 2017 Jul; 107(7):95-100. doi: 10.2105/ajph.2017.303762.