Assessment of Knowledge and Awareness Regarding Osteopenia Among University Students
Knowledge and Awareness Regarding Osteopenia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54393/pjhs.v4i01.95Keywords:
Calcium, Osteopenia, Osteoporosis, Knowledge, Attitude, PracticesAbstract
Osteopenia is a term that identifies disproportionate bone mass loss. Osteopenia is caused by severe malnutrition and several abnormalities, which include osteomalacia, osteoporosis and cancer. Objective: To assess the knowledge toward calcium intake and the level of awareness about osteopenia among university students. Methods: For this study, the cross-sectional method was used as a study design. The study was conducted among students at the University of Lahore in which there were 100 students between 18-30 years’ old who took part in this study and time duration of study is 4 months. Moreover, probability convenient sampling technique was used, and a questionnaire was used as equipment for this study. For the statistical analysis SPSS version 24.0 for used. Results: The result of this study shows out of the sample, 25% were male, and 75% were female. The 50 belonged to the normal BMI, 2 were obese range of BMI, 31 belonged to the underweight category. 73 participants belonged to urban areas whereas 27 participants belonged to rural areas. The frequency distribution showed that 96% of people knew about calcium deficiency, and 4% were unaware. 88% of people knew about the importance of calcium, and 12% people were not aware. Conclusions: Chronic calcium deficiency contributes to osteoporosis, poor mineralization of bones and soft bone osteomalacia. According to results, people now a days are more eager to change their dietary patterns to help improve their bone health.
References
Zahid S, Hanif A, Faridi TA, Masood Z, John A. Frequency of Osteopenia and its association with dietary factors among female population aged 18-60 years: Osteopenia and its association with dietary factors. Diet Factor (Journal of Nutritional & Food Sciences). 2020 Dec; 1(2): 48-52. doi: 10.54393/df. v1i02.2.
Porter JL, Varacallo M, Castano M. Osteoporosis (Nursing). In: StatPearls. 2022 Feb.
Beto JA. The role of calcium in human aging. Clinical Nutrition Research. 2015 Jan; 4(1): 1-8. doi: 10.7762/cnr.2015.4.1.1.
Institute of Medicine (US) Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes. Dietary Reference Intakes for Calcium, Phosphorus, Magnesium, Vitamin D, and Fluoride. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 1997. doi: 10.17226/5776.
Pareek S. Calcium and Osteoporosis: An Important Mineral for Women. International Journal for Environmental Rehabilitation and Conservation. 2018 Aug; 9(1): 45-53. doi: 10.31786/09756272.18.9.1.121.
Javed A, Hashmi HI, Shahid A, Mehmood S, Khurshid S. Survey of hypocalcaemia frequency in district Lahore, Pakistan. American Academic Scientific Research Journal for Engineering, Technology, and Sciences. 2021 Jul; 80(1): 101-6.
Vannucci L, Fossi C, Quattrini S, Guasti L, Pampaloni B, Gronchi G, et al. Calcium intake in bone health: a focus on calcium-rich mineral waters. Nutrients. 2018 Dec; 10(12): 1930-1945. doi: 10.3390/nu10121930.
Grinspoon S, Thomas E, Pitts S, Gross E, Mickley D, Miller K, et al. Prevalence and predictive factors for regional osteopenia in women with anorexia nervosa. Annals of Internal Medicine. 2000 Nov; 133(10): 790-4. doi: 10.7326/0003-4819-133-10-200011210-00011.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Prevalence of fruit and vegetable consumption and physical activity by race/ethnicity--United States, 2005. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 2007 Apr; 56(13): 301-4.
Blanck HM, Gillespie C, Kimmons JE, Seymour JD, Serdula MK. Trends in fruit and vegetable consumption among US men and women, 1994–2005. Preventing Chronic Disease. 2008 Apr; 5(2): A35.
Hall JN, Moore S, Harper SB, Lynch JW. Global variability in fruit and vegetable consumption. American Journal of Preventive Medicine. 2009 May; 36(5): 402-9. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2009.01.029.
Zhang T, Bian S, Gu Y, Meng G, Zhang Q, Liu L, et al. Sugar-containing carbonated beverages consumption is associated with hyperuricemia in general adults: a cross-sectional study. Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases. 2020 Sep; 30(10): 1645-52. doi: 10.1016/j.numecd.2020.05.022.
Dhanya S. A Pre Experimental Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Ginger Tea upon Dysmenorrhea among Students at Apollo College of Nursing, Chennai (Doctoral dissertation, Apollo College of Nursing, Chennai). 2012: 23-42
Al-Hemyari SS, Jairoun AA, Jairoun MA, Metwali Z, Maymoun N. Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of osteoporosis and its predictors among university students: cross sectional study, UAE. Journal of Advanced Pharmacy Education & Research. 2018 Jul; 8(3): 7-20.
Kozak J, Balmer T, Byrne R, Fisher K. Prevalence of Listeria monocytogenes in foods: incidence in dairy products. Food Control. 1996 Aug; 7(4-5): 215-21. doi: 10.1016/S0956-7135(96)00042-4.
Madsen C. Prevalence of food allergy: an overview. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society. 2005 Nov; 64(4): 413-7. doi: 10.1079/PNS2005458.
Barry DW and Kohrt WM. Exercise and the preservation of bone health. Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention. 2008 May; 28(3): 153-62. doi: 10.1097/01.HCR.0000320065.50976.7c.
Nguyen ND, Ahlborg HG, Center JR, Eisman JA, Nguyen TV. Residual lifetime risk of fractures in women and men. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research. 2007 Jun; 22(6): 781-8. doi: 10.1359/jbmr.070315.
Abrahin O, Rodrigues RP, Marçal AC, Alves EA, Figueiredo RC, Sousa EC. Swimming and cycling do not cause positive effects on bone mineral density: a systematic review. Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia. 2016 Jul; 56: 345-51. doi: 10.1016/j.rbre.2016.02.013.
Hopkins RB, Pullenayegum E, Goeree R, Adachi JD, Papaioannou A, Leslie WD, et al. Estimation of the lifetime risk of hip fracture for women and men in Canada. Osteoporosis International. 2012 Mar; 23(3): 921-7. doi: 10.1007/s00198-011-1652-8.
Azemati B, Heshmat RA, Keshtkar AA, Bagheri MO, Sheykholeslam R, Nadim A. Comparison of knowledge, attitude and practice of urban and rural households towards nutritional factors related to osteoporosis and osteopenia. Iranian Journal of Epidemiology. 2010 Nov; 5(4): 14-20.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
This is an open-access journal and all the published articles / items are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. For comments